516 Reviews — Dr. E. Fraas on Ichthyosaurus. 



restoration of the skulls and parts of skeletons of several Dicynodonts, 

 and one or two other equally remarkable forms of reptiles. 



In most of these specimens, including that noticed by Dr. Traquair, 

 the skulls are similar in form, although differing in minor details, 

 and have a general resemblance to the South African Dicijnodon and 

 Oudenodon, some of them having small tusks in the maxillary bones. 

 With most of these skulls parts of the skeleton have been found. 

 Two or three show the position of the vertebral column and ribs, 

 but up to the present no definite centra have been traced; besides 

 this there is evidence of scapula, clavicle, humerus, radius, and nlna, 

 the humerus having the characteristic anomodont expansion of the 

 two extremities. ]n two specimens the ilia are preserved. These 

 forms appear to be distinct from Dicyuodon, and probably represent 

 at least two or three species. 



Another skull presents most of the characters of Ptychognathus, 

 but has a short muzzle and no teeth. The last, and by far the most 

 remarkable skull of this series, is about six inches in length, and 

 has the outer surface completely covered in by bony plates, the 

 nostrils, eyes, and piueal fossa being the only aperatures. The chief 

 feature of this skull is the extreme development of horns upon the 

 face and cheeks, there being about thirty of these formidable defences 

 varying from a fourth of an inch to nearly three inches in length, 

 besides some smaller bosses. The dentition is pleurodont, and 

 resembles very closel}'^ that of the living Iguana ; the palate is 

 lacertilian. but with the pterygoids united in front of the pterygoid 

 vacuity. This skull reminds one very strongly of the living Moloch 

 and Phrynosoma, but it probably finds its neai'est ally in the Pareia- 

 saurns from the south African Karoo Bed. The detailed description 

 of these specimens is nearly completed, and will, it is hoped, be 

 shortly published. 



le E "V I E -w S. 



I. — The Paddles and Fins of Ichthyosaurus. 



Uebek einen nbuen Fund von Ichthyosaurus in Wurtemberg. By 

 Dr. Everhard Fraas. Neues Jahrb. 1892, vol, ii. pp. 87-90. 



TEACES of the skin have long been known to occur with the 

 remains of the skeleton of Ichthyosaurus in the fine-grained 

 limestones and indurated shales of the Lias; and the descriptions of 

 the integument of the paddle by Sir Richard Owen, Dr. Everhard 

 Fraas, and Mr. Lydekker, are now familiar to most students. 

 Hitherto, however, well-pi'eserved specimens showing the precise 

 contour of the animal, have been a desideratum ; and we therefore 

 note with especial pleasure the recent discovery by Dr. Everhard 

 Fraas of an Ichthyosaurtis with the nearly complete integument in 

 the Upper Lias of Wurtemberg. Through the courtesy of Dr. Fraas 

 ■we are enabled to re2:)roduce his drawing of the fossil, accompanied 

 b}"- an outline-restoration based upon the facts it makes known. 



