130 Revieivs — Records of the Geological Snrve;/ of India 



stratigraphy. Tlie following are tlie European equivalents of tlie 

 beds identified: — 



Late Pliocene or Pleistocene. 



Jurassic (exact horizon not yet known). 



Ehsetic. 



Pernio- C arboniferous. 



Carboniferous and Devonian. 



Silurian . 



Ordovician. 



? Cambrian. 



"It is somewhat surprising that igneous rocks are of extremely 

 rare occurrence over the whole of this area. The ancient rocks near 

 Mogok (E.uby-Mines) are traversed by great bands of granite, and 

 there are indications of volcanic conditions, consisting of rhyolites and 

 rhyolitic tuffs, along the borders of the Ordovician land-surface; but 

 throughout the whole sequence of Palaeozoic and Mesozoic strata 

 there are no traces whatever of volcanic activity. In late Tertiary 

 times there was, however, a feeble manifestation of these agencies, for 

 in one locality the silts were found to be traversed by dykes of basalt, 

 resembling that of the sub-recent volcano of Hawshuenshan in south- 

 west Yunnan." 



Mineral Productio^i of India during 1907. — The total value of 

 minerals, as ascertained, was £7,071,868, being an increase of 

 £759,047 ( = 12 per cent.) over the previous year. For the first 

 time the value of coal exceeds that of gold, but part of this increase 

 may be due to the high prices of coal prevailing in 1907. Out of 

 11,147,339 tons raised, the Gondwana Coalfields account for 

 10,720,245 tons; the output of the Jherria Coalfield now exceeds 

 that of Eaniganj, which for so many years has been the leading 

 producer. After coal and gold the next largest figures are shown by 

 petroleum and manganese-ore ; other heavy metals are insignificant 

 in amount. Gems, including ruby, sapphire, and spinel, account for 

 £98,258. 



Striated Boidders in the Blaini Formation of Simla. — This is a special 

 contribution by the Director to an interesting and much debated 

 question. The writer alludes to the early notices of the so-called 

 'conglomerate', an inappropriate term, since the "fine-grained slaty 

 matiix in which the boulders lie is often in excess of the volume 

 of the pebbles". These have usually been regarded as of glacial 

 origin, and at length a boulder (represented on plate 1 of the report) 

 has been found "which shows the essential signs of glaciation to an 

 unmistakable degree". It should be observed that there are two 

 distinct boulder-beds separated by about 200 feet of thin-bedded 

 shales, and the boulders under notice were obtained from the lower 

 bed at Simla. 



The story of the Talchir boulder-bed in Orissa, and its correlation 

 with beds at the base of the Karroo system in South Africa and the 

 coal-bearing beds of New South Wales, is well known. It gradually 

 came to be assumed that the two boulder-beds in the Blaini formation 

 were also of Upper Palaeozoic age and equivalent to the Talchir 



