138 Hejjorts and Proceedings — Geological Societij of London. 



reputation, he had laid the Society under a deep obligation. The Council desires to 

 express to Mrs. Hudleston the sincere sympathy of the Society in her bereavement." 



The following communications were read : — 



1. "Note on some Geological Features observable at the Carpalla 

 China Clay Pit in the Parish of St. Stephen's (Cornwall)." By 

 Joseph Henry Collins, F.G.S. 



An east-and-west fault traverses this pit near its southern wall, 

 with a downthrow to the south of more than 50 feet. North of the 

 fault there is china clay rock or ' carclazj'te ', at one point underlying 

 granite not sufficiently altered to yield china clay, and sometimes 

 containing embedded lenticles or irregular masses of partly kaolinized 

 granite. The carclazyte is often traversed by veins of secondary 

 quartz, in most instances associated with schorl. It also contains 

 lepidotite, gilbertite, topaz, fluor, and schorl. South of the fault 

 thei'e is nearly horizontal tourmaline schist, at one point 50 feet 

 thick, and thinning off southwards and eastwards. This, like the rock 

 of the north side, is overlain by subsoil or ' growan ', covered in turn 

 by soil or 'meat-earth'. Underlying the schist there occurs also 

 china clay rock to a distance of many fathoms from the fault. This 

 occurrence of china clay under a thick schistose overburden is unique 

 in Cornwall, although the other features of the pit are reproduced 

 elsewhere. The author considers that this example is strongly in 

 favour of the pneumatolytic origin of carclazyte, the gases producing 

 the change being possibly in part carbonic acid, but probably to a more 

 important degree chlorine, fluorine, and boron. 



2. " Some Kecent Observations on the Brighton Cliff Formation." 

 By Edward Alfred Martin, F.G.S. 



The author records in his paper certain features presented by the 

 face of the cliffs between successive falls at Black Bock, Brighton, 

 during the past eighteen years. As the cliffs have worn back, the 

 base-platform of Chalk grows in height, and the layer of sand which 

 Brest wich found above the Chalk grew thinner and thinner until 

 finally it completely disappeared. At the same time the raised beach 

 has grown in thickness from 1|- to 12 feet. In 1890 there were 6 feet 

 of sand, with a foot and a half of beach above it. There was 

 practically no protection at this date in the shape of groynes. In 

 1892 the sand had decreased to between 3 and 4 feet, but the beach 

 remained as in 1890. Many falls of cliff took place between 1892 

 and 1895, and at the latter date the beach had increased to between 

 4 and 5 feet. The eastern limit of the beds had become more clearly 

 defined, the trough in the Chalk in which they had been defined 

 taking an upward direction about 300 yards east of the Abergavenny 

 Inn. Many blocks of red sandstone had become dislodged, and were 

 lying on the moderu beach. In 1897, 10 feet of chalk formed the lower 

 portion of the cliff, with 8 feet of raised beach above it in places, but 

 there was a mere trace of sand left. The rubble drift above was seen 

 to be distinctly stratifi.ed. Many masses of red sandstone had fallen 

 out of the cliff, the largest measuring 5 feet in its greatest dimension. 

 In 1899 the raised beach had reached a thickness of 10 feet. Great 

 masses of moved and reconstructed chalk were observed on the eastern 

 boundary embedded in the beach. Two rounded lumps of granite 



