PalcBozoic Hocks of Sweden. 275 



formations of Sweden vary with different writers, by degrees the three- 

 fold division introduced by Barrande seems to have gained universal 

 approval. It may not be out of place here, as throwing light on the 

 circumstances, to give a few examples of the nomenclature used by 

 various Swedish authors after that time. 



While Lindstrom in his Elements of Geology (2nd ed., 1859) — a work 

 based on Lyell's Elements and Principles of Geology and other works — 

 divides the Palaeozoic formations of Sweden into Upper Silurian 

 ( = Gothland and Klinta-formation) and Lower Silurian, in which 

 latter was also included the lowest sandstone of the Vestrogothian 

 rocks, later on he made use of the terminology Cambrian, Lower and 

 Upper Silurian, as for instance in his List of the Fossil Faunas of 

 Sweden, i (1888). 



Angelin, in his geological map of Scania with letterpress, of which 

 two sheets were already printed in 1862, though they only appeared 

 posthumously in 1877, gives the strata in question the common 

 appellation " Silurian, or Older Transition Formations", remarking at 

 the same time that the name ' Silurian System ' is not used by 

 anyone in its original sense, and also that, if we pay attention to 

 priority, it would be more correct to use the terms Taconian, Cambrian 

 (or Cumbrian), and Silurian for Barrande's " faune primordiale, faune 

 seconde, and faune ti'oisieme ". 



In Torell's contributions to the petrology and palaeontology of the 

 Sparagmite formation he used the name Cambrian or Taconic System 

 for Angelin's regions I-III, the next overlying strata being the 

 Lower Silurian System; and Linnarsson, who in his earlier works 

 (1868-9) simply comprises all the strata in question as Silurian, 

 in all subsequent works calls Angelin's regions I-III Cambrian, 

 IV-VII Lower Silurian, and VIII Upper Silurian. 



That Nathorst, who, when he began to occupy himself with the 

 formations we are speaking of, called those strata which include 

 the primordial tauna ' Cambrian ', and afterwards tried to introduce 

 the term ' transition system ' for the three groups of the ' Cambrian- 

 Silurian ' (Cambrian, Lower and Upper Silurian), has already been 

 referred to above. In this place we need merely add, that the 

 proposal in question evidently owed its origin to a desire to accentuate 

 the necessity of introducing a collective name. 



In 1880 Tullberg speaks of the Cambrian and Lower Silurian strata 

 at Kiviks-Esperod and Rostanga, whereas in 1882, in his work on 

 the graptolites of Scania, he divides the Silurian formations into 

 Primordial Silurian, Lower Silurian, and Upper Silurian, thus entirely 

 avoiding the use of the term Cambrian. 



Latterly, however, the Swedish geologists have as good as 

 unanimously accepted the division of the Swedish Palaeozoic forma- 

 tions into the three groups or systems Cambrian, Lower Silurian, and 

 Upper Silurian ; thus, for instance, Tornqvist (1889) in Some Remarks 

 on the Cambrian and Silurian Corology of Western Europe, Holm 

 (1901) in Kinnekulle, and Wiman (1899) in Eine untersilurische 

 Litoralfacies bei Locknesjon in Jemtland. 



Nevertheless, the name ' Silurian ' has at the same time often been 

 employed as a collective name for all the formations in question, 



