H. B. Ncivton — Fossils from Nubian Sandstone, Egypt. 353 



of fluviatile origin, directly associated with the marine genus 

 Galeolaria, which he, in company with his colleagues Messrs. 

 Crosthwaite and Murray, lately discovered in the ferruginous beds 

 of the Nubian Sandstone Series of Southern Egypt. 



As well as placing on record an account of these fossils, this paper 

 includes the description of a remarkably fine example of an Inoceramus 

 which Dr. John Ball, of the same Survey, discovered a few years since 

 in another area of Southern Egypt, and in an exactly similar ferruginous 

 deposit of the Nubian Sandstone formation. 



The particiilar locality of the freshwater shells and the annelid tubes 

 is given by Dr. Hume as Jowikol, situated on the east bank of the 

 Nile, 19^ kilometres north of Kalabsha Temple and 40 kilometres 

 south of Aswan. He writes: "The height of the fossil bed above 

 Jowikol was approximately 137 metres above mean sea-level, or about 

 40 metres above the Nile. No granite was noted on this bank, the 

 nearest outcrop on the east side being a granite range 5 kilometres to 

 the east." The rock is highly ferruginous, of reddish-brown colour, 

 and is distinctly a limonite, showing sometimes a minutely pisolitic 

 structure. Eemarking on this formation, Dr. Hume states : " The 

 Nubian Sandstone often contains these hard ferruginous layers, but 

 the greater part of the beds in this neighbourhood are fine-grained 

 sandstones or fine-grained sandy clays." 



Dr. Ball obtained his Inoceramus from the west end of the Aswan 

 Dam during excavations for a small reservoir, at a height of not more 

 than 20 metres above the old igneous rocks and a somewhat similar 

 height above the jSile. The matrix surrounding this specimen is 

 exactly similar to the Jowikol rock, although some 40 kilometres 

 separate these two regions of the Nile Valley. The rarity of fossil 

 remains in this formation adds an interest to the present specimens, 

 especially as their characters appear to sviggest a more definite age 

 for this part of the Nubian Sandstone than has hitherto been 

 acknowledged. 



In concluding the preliminary statement the writer wishes to 

 thank both Dr. Hume and Dr. Ball for the interest they have 

 shown in the compilation of this paper. The former has supplied 

 every fact of importance concerning the locality and geology in 

 connexion with his discovery of the Serp^da and fluviatile mollusca, 

 whilst the latter has been good enough during his vacation in England 

 to furnish information concerning the specimen of Inoceramus, as 

 well as to prepare a sketch-map of Egypt including most of the 

 localities referred to in the paper, the reproduction of which as 

 one of the plates it is thought will add a greater interest to this 

 contribution (see Map, Plate XIX). 



BiBLIOGBAPHY (RESTRICTED). 



"Without entering into the many problems connected with the 

 history of the Nubian Sandstone, it may be of interest to briefly 

 review some of the previous opinions on this subject, but only those 

 having a bearing on the formation as it occurs in Southern Egypt and 

 Nubia itself, 



DECADE V. VOL. VI. NO. VIII. 23 



