a. B. Neicton — Fossils from Nubian Sandstone, Egy^^t. 395 



the Cenomanian, Turonian, Senonian, Quadersandstein, and Planer of 

 England, France, Germany, and Austria. 



Closely allied forms are Dujardin's^ Serpula filosa from the 

 French Cenomanian-Turonian Series (Touraine district), which has 

 exceedingly fine tubes and is also of fasciculate habit, and Serpula 

 plexus, J. de C. Sowerby,- from British Senonian rocks. It would 

 therefore appear that this particular type of Annelid being fairly 

 representative of Upper Cretaceous rocks, we may assume that the 

 Nubian Sandstone specimen belongs to that part of the Cretaceous 

 system. Following Bronn, the species is included in Lamarck's 

 genus Galeolaria, and it is so determined in the British Museum. 



Occurrence. — This fossil forms one of those rather rare instances of 

 a marine organism being found in direct association with another of 

 freshwater character, pi'oving that marine conditions prevailed and 

 were in fairly close proximity to the river agencies which had brought 

 down the fluviatile shells to the area where deposition was in progress. 

 A similar combination of organisms may be mentioned in connexion 

 with a piece of limestone of the ' Munder Mergel ' Series of North 

 German J', regarded as the base of the Wealden ( = Purbeckian), which 

 exhibits a small form of Cyrena in company with Serpula coarcervata, 

 Blumenbach, the specimen being in the British Museum with the 

 registered number A-64. 



CoNCLusioisrs. 



From a glance at the list of fossils alreadj' known to occur in the 

 Nubian Sandstone of Southern Egypt (see p. 358), it will be seen that 

 the formation is of considerable depth in places, and especially in 

 the Wadi Kena, where Figari Bey (according to Zittel) obtained 

 Mosasaurus remains at a depth of 400 feet. This Vertebrate belongs 

 chiefly to the uppermost part of the Senonian (Mgestrichtian), 

 although Blanckenhorn regards the Egyptian occurrence as of older 

 Senonian (Santonian) age. From a boring in the neighboui'hood of 

 Edfu at a depth of 308 feet, Coquand reported the finding of Ostrea 

 Verneuili, which he considered to be of Garumnian age, a member of 

 the Danian ; and later Dr. Hume discovered numerous Linguloi and 

 Mytilus cf. lineains, etc., in a well boring at Abu Rahal, 164 feet 

 from the surface, which he stated were of Cretaceous age. 



The silicified woods {Araucarioxylon and Nicolia) of this formation 

 and the fern remains described by Professor Seward indicate its 

 estuarine origin, that is so far as Southern Egypt and Nubia are 

 concerned. 



A study of the present fossils supports the Cretaceous view as to 

 the age of this part of the Nubian Sandstone, which, it is interesting 

 to observe, was initiated some seventy years ago by Lefevre after an 

 examination of the rocks as exposed at Aswan. 



In speaking of the freshwater shells, which appear to be the only 

 mollusca of that character recorded from the Nubian Sandstone since 

 Russegger's discovery of Cyclas fala'? of Miinster in 1843 from near 

 Aswan, they appear at first sight to bear a relation to Wealden forms, 



' Mem. Soc. Geol. France, 1835, vol. ii, pt. i, p. 233, pi. xvii, fig. 18. 

 2 Mineral Conchohgy, 1829, vol. vi, p. 201, pi. Bxcviii, fig. 1. 



