C. B. Horwood ^ A. Wade— The Old Gmniten of Africa. 545 



for many of the facts observed on the supposition that the 'Keis Series 

 was deposited i;pon a floor of granite, and that at some subsequent 

 period the rocks were intensely folded, so that on the one hand ridges 

 of gneissose granite were formed projecting into the quartzites and 

 schists, and on the other steeply folded synclines of the sediments 

 went down into the granite." ^ 



Mr. "William Anderson, late Government Geologist of Natal, divided 

 the Old Granites of Natal and Zululand into (1) fundamental gi'anites, 

 with gneisses and schists, and (2) newer intrusive granites.^ The 

 old crystalline schists, hornblendic, and other varieties, relics of 

 a metamorphosed sedimentary formation, with interlaminated, coarsely 

 crystalline limestones, he correlates with the Swaziland Series,^ and 

 tliinks that the metamorphism of the limestone * is due to the intrusion 

 of the granite. The gneisses he regards as probably sheared portions 

 of the granite." 



The following is taken verbatim from his second report on the 

 geology of Natal and Zululand : ^ — 



"The granites, with their accompanying gneisses, schists, and less 

 altered quartzites, conglomerates, etc., which are so well developed in 

 the sub-coastal areas of Natal, the Engoye Mountains, and the Melmoth 

 district of Zululand, present characters which are well worthy of 

 mention. In these localities the occurrence of the granite among the 

 gneisses and schists is remarkable, in that it is of a most erratic 

 character. In the Engoye Mountains to the north-east of Eshowe it 

 is present as a more or less distinct axis to the range, where it is 

 flanked on either side by gneisses and schists. The less metamorphosed 

 rocks of this series to the east and west of the range are not often 

 visible, being covered by the newer formations ; but at the Matikulu 

 River mouth in Zululand a small outcrop of granite occurs, and to the 

 north-west, after ci'ossing the Umhlatuzi River, the large area of the 

 Melmouth district is formed of similar granitic and metamorphic 

 gneisses and schists. Here the granite is not of the ordinary character 

 of a simple intrusion, but is present on the outcrops as local areas 

 among the gneisses and schists. 



"In the Inchanga and Inanda districts of Natal the porphyritic 

 granite there shows far more evidences of having been a locally intruded 

 granite, while in the Engoye Range this feature appears to a less 

 degree. 



" The gneisses and schists associated so intimately with the local areas 

 of granite seem to be quite distinct from the metamorphic slates, 



1 The origin of the Witwatersrand syncline can be explained in a similar manner. 



• Second Report of the Geological Survey of Natal and Zululand, by Wm. Anderson, 

 F.E.S.E., Government Geologist, 1904 (West, Newman, & Co., London), p. 13. 



■' Third and Final Report of the Geological Survey of Natal and Zululand, by 

 Wra. Anderson, F.R.S.E., Government Geologist, 1907 (West, Newman, & Co., 

 London), pp. 108-13. 



* He says this limestone has undoubtedly originated as a sedimentary deposit, 

 loc. cit., p. 111. 



5 Loc. cit., pp. 109, 113. 



« Second Report of the Geological Survey of Natal and Zululand, by Wm. Anderson, 

 F.R.S.E., Government Geologist, 1904 (West, Newman, & Co., London), 

 pp. 11, 12. 



DECADE V. VOL. VI. NO. XII. 35 



