572 Reports and Proceedings — Mineralogical Society. 



feature, and a western chalky limestone indicating a close affinity 

 with the white chalk of Northern Europe. 



(3) A southern or Dungul type, having close affinities with 2, but 

 in the Campanian the phosphatic beds are inconspicuous, and the 

 fauna consists of a group of specialized sea-urchins and of Gasteropods 

 among which TurriteU^ are very prominent. 



The author emphasizes the uniformity of the Lower Eocene through- 

 out Egypt, its triple subdivision being recognizable over vast areas. 

 In the Middle Eocene this uniformity is replaced by differentiation, 

 the well-known regions of the Eayum and the Moqattam Hill 

 differing from the succession in the area selected as typical in this 

 paper. In the latter, five zones have been recognized in the lower 

 division, while in the Upper Moqattam the Turritella-'heds and the 

 strata rich in CaroUa placunoides and Plicatula polymorpha are of 

 zonal importance. The Lower Moqattam is considered as beginning 

 with the Ntimmulites gizeliensis zone and closing with the Gistortia- 

 bed, to the significance and extent of which attention is especially 

 directed. 



The author discusses the relation between the Cretaceous and 

 Eocene beds, and points out that they differ lithologically, limestones 

 being dominant in the Lower Eocene and shales in the Upper 

 Cretaceous. 



Palseontologically, great groups such as the Ammonites still 

 abundant in the Upper Cretaceous disappear in the Eocene and are 

 replaced by the characteristic nummulinid Eoraminifera. On the 

 other hand, both periods bear a strong resemblance to each other 

 in the dominance of oysters and sea-urchins over other forms. 

 A notable feature is the comparative rarity of Brachiopoda in Egypt 

 throughout both periods, nor have Belemnites been recorded from 

 the Egyptian Cretaceous. 



Among post-Eocene formations the calcareous grits are shown to 

 have a wide extension ; but in the desert they differ in character 

 from the mammal-yielding beds of the Fayum. The question as 

 to the Upper Eocene or Oligocene age of these beds is left over. 



The quartz -chert gravels appear to be closely related to the 

 calcareous grits, but are unconformable upon them. This continental 

 phase is accompanied by volcanic and gej'ser activity. 



The Cretaceous Period in Egypt was therefore one, in the main, 

 marked by the gain of sea over land, the Eocene was one of rest, 

 while at the close of the Eocene and during the Oligocene the 

 approach of a continental phase is clearly indicated. 



II. — Mineralogical Society. 



November 16. — Professor W. J. Lewis, F.R.S., President, in the Chair. 



(1) On an occurrence of Native Copper with Tin Ore in the Federated 

 Malay States ; by Mr. J. B. Scrivenor. In concentrates obtained in the 

 final washing of the tin ore from the Rotan Dahan mine, in the district 

 of Kinta Perak, the cassiterite was found to be mixed with a reddish 

 mineral, which could not be separated from it. This proved to be 



