64 Prof. C. Lapworth—Ballantrae Rocks of South Scotland. 
similar in all their lithological features to those characteristic of the 
overlying Gala terrane. 
Proceeding still farther in this north-westerly direction to the 
grander anticlinal forms of Carsphairn, Wenlockhead, Moorfoot Hills, 
ete, we find the Moffat Series represented by a great thickness of 
grey shales, flagstones, greywackés, and fine conglomerates, with 
occasional black shale zones (which are most numerous near the 
base of the series), the whole being intermediate in geographical 
position, in thickness, in lithological features, and in paleontological 
characters between the attenuated Moffat Series to the S.H. and the 
magnificent development of the same terrane in the Girvan region 
to the N.W. In these intermediate anticlinal forms we can rudely 
distinguish three main rock-groups, which are, however, so con- 
voluted and interfolded that their details are as yet only partly 
worked out, their thickness is unsettled, and their boundaries ill 
defined. In the cores of the main anticlinal forms of the Lammer- 
muir-Moorfoot area we find (1) a group of grey and black shales, 
with flinty bands, grits, and conglomerates (Moorfoot Group), the 
inner zones of which yield the Graptolites of the Glenkiln Shales, 
and the outer bands those more characteristic of the Lower Havrifell. 
Outside this group follows (2) a thick series of more or less barren 
grey flagstones, shales, grits (Heriot Group), which seems to 
answer in position and character to the barren beds of the Upper 
Hartfell. Finally, between these barren shales and the base of the 
Gala terrane, we recognize a third group (8) (Lugate Group) of 
grey shales, flagstones, and conglomerate (? Haggis Rocks), with rare 
fossil-bearing bands, yielding some of the characteristic Graptolites 
of the Birkhill Shales. In the anticlinal forms of the Lead Hills, 
Carsphairn and Shinnelhead districts to the south-west, as shown by 
the published Maps! and Explanations of the Geological Survey, the 
same geographical and geological grouping is discernible. The local 
Dalveen and Haggis Rock Group of that region come into the place 
of the Lugate Series, the Lowther Group apparently into the position 
of the Heriot Series, while the Leadhills Black Shales correspond in 
place and fossils with the Moorfoot Series. But as these south-westerly 
anticlinal forms are of greater diameter, and lie many miles 
nearer to the Girvan District, there appear, in addition, within the 
limits of the Leadhills Shale Group, representatives of the lowest 
Moffat strata of the Girvan area in the form of the Brachiopod- 
bearing limestones, grits, conglomerates of Wrae Hill, Duntercleuch, 
and Glendowran.? 
Finally, when we reach the most distant group of anticlinal forms 
—those of the Girvan-Ballantrae District itself—the lthological 
and paleontological modification of the typical Graptolitic Moffat 
Series is complete, and the terrane is represented by the three rock- 
formations already referred to, which are as richly varied petro- 
logically and zoologically as are their equivalents in the well- 
known districts of Wales and the West of England. 
! Compare Maps 15, 9, 3, 4, etc. and the « accompanying Explanations, Geol. Survey, 
Scotland. * Explan. Sheet 15, p. 14, ete. 
