Reviews —Prof. A. K. von Zittel’s Palichthyology. 227 
rocks belong to the Carbonifero-Permian series, and are intersected 
in every direction by dykes of dolerite, rhyolite, etc. “The upper 
portion of Mount Morgan consists of a deposit varying from red 
and brown hematite on the one hand to a frothy, spongy cellular 
siliceous sinter on the other. Fine gold is disseminated throughout 
the mass,” it has averaged of late 7 oz. to the ton, is absolutely free 
from silver. The mining operations are simply quarrying, and the 
gold is extracted by chlorination. The mine is estimated to be 
worth £16,000,000, while Messrs. Morgan Bros., the original pro- 
prietors, who gave their name to the Mount, are said to have sold 
the 640 acres it covers for less than £300. 
The amount of silver obtained in 1887 was over £120,000 in value, 
chiefly from galena, though in the Ravenswood silver-field the 
surface yielded lead carbonate giving as much as 300 oz. of silver 
to the so lower levels of galena giving 20z., while at a depth of 
650 ft. “the shaft bottomed on an “antimony and copper ore some- 
what resembling tetrahedrite in composition, but containing from 
200 to 5000 oz. silver to the ton.” 
The tin, produced chiefly by mining and crushing porphyry, 
quartzite and chlorite dykes, though a considerable quantity is 
obtained from alluvial deposits, was valued at over £220,000 in 1887. 
Copper is not worked to any great extent, though there are lodes 
of oxides, carbonates and sulphides, the latter containing in some 
eases both gold and silver in considerable quantities, “which, to 
quote the author, ““would be payable under favourable conditions,” 
meaning, we presume, proper facilities for carriage, for in one place 
he instances freight to England £1 per ton of ore, while the carriage 
to the port of shipment was £4 per ton. 
The other metals are mercury and cobalt, the ores of the latter 
are very rich, and promise to be very productive when the workings 
are extended. Antimony has been mined to a small extent. 
The Coal-fields extend over thirty thousand square miles, occur- 
ring in the Carbonifero-Permian and Jurassic systems. The quality 
is good in some of the seams, but in others the percentage of ash is 
high. The workings at present are few, in fact only 230,000 tons 
were raised in 1887. 
a5) Ash WW AE ae 
TN 2 ; 
I.—Pror. Dr. von Zirten on PALicHTuyoLoey. 
Kart A. von Zirret, HanppucH pERK PaLaontTotogizr. Papmo- 
zootoGigE, Band III. Lief. I. II. (R. Oldenbourg, Munich, 
1887-88.) 
(Concluded from page 181.) 
TELEOSTEI. 
HE only modern synopsis of the Palzontology of the Teleostean 
fishes, previous to the publication of Dr. v. Zittel’s work, is to 
be found in Dr. Giinther’s “Study of Fishes” (1880); and as this 
is merely an outline, without details or references, the present 
