Reviews—Prof. K. A. von Zitiel’s Palichthyology. 231 
is probably a Pycnosterina ;' and Platycormus appears to have more 
affinity with the Squamipinnes than with the Berycidz. 
Like the last family, the Percidz are also represented by many 
extinct species and a few extinct genera, but these appear to be 
restricted to Tertiary formations. The Glarus fossil, Acanus, is 
placed here as the result of Wettstein’s researches; and the recent 
genus Serranus ranges downwards to the Eocene of Monte Bolca. 
Of freshwater genera, the common Perca has a wide range in the 
European Tertiaries; and Smerdis is a common extinct form in the 
Eocene and Miocene. The Pristipomatide are separated from the 
Percid, and the London Clay Scignurus is assigned a place in this 
family. . 
Dr. v. Zittel’s account of the Sparidee is an interesting palzonto- 
logical lesson ; for the variation in the teeth of these fishes has led 
to the publication of innumerable names, which the ichthyologist 
soon recognizes as worthless and arising from ignorance of recent 
genera. Capitodus, Minster, is shown to be partly founded upon 
the anterior teeth of Chrysophrys, and partly upon the pharyngeal 
teeth of Cyprinoid fishes; most of the crushing teeth of Chrysophrys 
have been named Spherodus and Sparoides by fossil collectors ; and 
Trigonodon, Sismonda, is shown to be a synonym of Sargus. A new 
genus, Stephanodus, is founded upon broad cutting teeth with denti- 
culated edges, from the Upper Chalk of the Sahara; and associated 
with these fossils are round crushing teeth, which seem to demon- 
strate the Sparoid affinities of the original fish. The Squamipinnes, 
Scorpenide, and Teuthidide, are not of much paleontological 
interest; and, as Dr. v. Zittel remarks, the published information 
concerning the fossil Xiphiides is somewhat doubtful.? The Palzo- 
rhynchide form an entirely extinct family of older Tertiary age, 
and the author considers that Hemirhynchus is a synonym of Palgo- 
rhynchus, being originally founded upon an imperfect specimen. 
It is satisfactory, at last, to find no mention of Enchodus in a 
paleontological account of the Trichiuride; and Wettstein’s deter- 
mination of the identity of Anenchelum with Lepidopus is adopted, 
thus extending the range of this recent genus to the horizon of the 
Swiss Glarus slates. 
Of the Acronuridee the recent genera Acanthurus and Naseus are 
determined from Monte Bolca; and the little Calamostoma (Stein- 
dachner) from the same horizon requires a new name, not being the 
Calamostoma of Agassiz (p. 256). 
The Carangide are represented by extinct species of the principal 
recent genera in the Tertiaries; and a few (e.g. Platax) also occur 
in the uppermost Cretaceous. Of the Cyttide, Zeus has been found 
in the Miocene of Licata, Sicily, and there is an extinct genus, Cyttoides 
(Wettstein), in the Glarus slates. A good figure of the well-known 
Mene (Gasteronemus) rhombeus is given under the Corypheenide ; 
and the succeeding list of Scombride and Trachinide does not 
present much of interest, except the occurrence of the specialized 
1 Proc. Geol. Assoc. vol. x. p. 329. 
2 See Proc. Geol. Assoc. vol. x. p. 321. 
