Prof. E. D. Cope—On the Proboscidea. 44] 
Mastodon  arvernensis, C. & J. Europe. 
? pumjabiensis, Lyd. India, p. 
ne latidens, Clift, India. 
Emmenodon elephantoides,! Clift= Elephas, Cuiftii. India to Japan. 
(Zi.) os planifrons, Fale. & Cautl. India. ; 
Elephas bombifrons, Fale. & Cautl. India, ? China. 
ganesa, Fale. & Cautl. India. é 
insignis, Fale. & Cautl. India to Japan. _[N. Africa. 
meridionalis, Nesti. Middle and South Europe, and 
hysudricus, Fale. & Cautl. India. 
antiquus, Fale. Europe. ? W. Africa. 
mnaidriensis, Leith-Adams. ‘Malta. 
melitensis, Fale. Malta. 
namadicus, Fale. & Cautl. India to Japan. 
primigenius columbi, Fale. N.W. America and Mexico. 
primigenius, Blum. Northern Hemisphere. 
americanus, De Kay. N.E. America. 
99 
a9 99 
%” 99 
Fic. 2.—Wastodon longirostris, Kaup, Upper Miocene, Eppelsheim, Hessen- 
Darmstadt. (After Gaudry) the left milk-molars (nat. size). 
To these we must add the two existing species Hlephas africanus 
and H. indicus. Several species are not sufficiently known for refer- 
ence to their proper genus. Such are Mastodon perimensis, Falc., 
Cautl., India; M. atticus, Wagn., 8. Europe; M. serridens, Cope, 
Texas; M. cautleyi, Lyd., India; and M. obscurus, Leidy, N. 
America. In these the characters of both the incisor and the pre- 
molar teeth are unknown. In some of the species referred above to 
Mastodon, mandibular tusks are present in the young, and occasion- | 
ally one is retained to maturity, as sometimes seen in M. Americanus. 
But such individuals are exceptional among their species. In some 
other species, while the males possess them, they are wanting in the 
females. The specific character is in this case derived from the male. 
The molar dentition in this family possesses a number of pecu- | 
liarities which have been worked out mainly by Falconer, Owen, 
and Lydekker. There are probably deciduous molars in all the 
species, and they are generally three in number; the posterior of 
these has the same number of cross-crests as the posterior premolar, 
which immediately succeeds it. The number of crests diminishes 
to the first of the series. There are two or three premolars in most 
1 Mastodon, Clift.; Stegodon, Fale.; Elephas, Lyd. 
