a a 
446 Prof. E. D. Cope—On the Proboscidea. 
Pliocene of Oregon, and in the Pliocene of Mexico, unaccompanied 
by the Mastodon americanus, which had not appeared by that time. 
In the Eastern States its remains occur with those of the Mastodon 
= = Zs 
Fig. 4 —Elephas primigenius, Blum., the third left upper true molar; dredged off the 
Dogger Bank, North Sea (one-third nat. size). ‘The lower border of the figure 
is the inner border of the specimen. Original in British Museum (Nat. Hist.). 
americanus at the Big Bone Lick, in Kentucky. It was not found 
in the Port Kennedy, Pennsylvania, Bone-fissure, although the 
Mastodon was there. This absence may be accidental. Leidy says,’ 
The animal (Klephas primigenius americanus) was probably of 
earlier origin, and became earlier extinct than the Mastodon, an opinion 
which my own observations confirm. Since no earlier species of 
Hlephant proper is known from North or South America, we must 
regard this one as an immigrant from Asia, where, indeed, its remains 
abound. It remained longer in Siberia than in North America, since 
whole carcasses have been discovered imprisoned in the ice, near the 
mouth of the river Lena. These specimens had a covering of long 
hair, with an under layer of close wool. 
Leidy and Falconer have observed that the teeth of the Elephants 
from eastern North America can be easily distinguished from those 
of the Mammoth by the greater alternation of the enamel plates. 
Leidy also observes that the lower jaw is more acuminate in the 
former. He proposed, therefore, to distinguish it as a species, using 
Dekay’s name &. americanus. ‘Teeth from Escholtz Bay, Alaska, he 
regards as belonging to the true Z. primigenius. 
Falconer regarded the true Elephant of Texas as a distinct species, 
which he named &. columbi. He distinguished it by the coarse 
plates of the enamel, and by the wide lower jaw, with curved rami, 
and short symphysis. So far as the dentition goes, I have specimens 
of this type from Colorado and from Oregon. The Oregon specimen 
presents the same type of lower jaw as does one from Texas, in my 
possession. Specimens from the valley of Mexico are abundant in 
the museums of the city of Mexico, and their characters do not differ 
from those from Texas. I have in my museum an entire skull, 
lacking the lower jaw, from the ‘ orange sand’ of the city of Dallas, 
in north-eastern Texas, which only differs in form from that of the 
LE. primigenius, as figured by Blumenbach and Cuvier, in the shorter 
and wider premaxillary region. This is one-half wider than long 
(from the molar alveolus), while in the Ilford Mammoth in the 
1 Extinct Mammalia of Dakota and Nebraska, p. 398. 
