514 = Reviews —Dr. John Murray—On Marine Deposits. 
determine. Taking a wide geographical view of the subject, we 
cannot fail to see that there is, first of all on the north, the synclinal 
of the Glamorganshire coal-field; next the anticlinal of the Bristol 
Channel, both being rather limited in extent. The second and 
central synclinal is that of Devonshire, somewhat bulged by the 
mass of Dartmoor. The succeeding anticlinal of the English 
Channel was, in all probability, of a very complex nature, bringing 
up to-day many old and curious rocks, more or less injected by 
granites, of which we now have the evidence in the Channel Islands, 
to say nothing of the traces in the bed of the Channel itself, such as 
Mr. Hunt has so often brought to the notice of the Association. 
Beyond this mysterious region of the Channel lies the rocky 
country of Brittany, which, according to Dr. Barrois, is essentially 
constituted by a vast geosynclinal depression, running from east to 
west. The flanks of this great basin consist of very ancient rocks, 
not quite parallel to each other, but converging somewhat towards 
the west, and opening out towards the east. The area enclosed has 
numerous secondary folds, and includes a large series of beds from 
the Silurian to the Carboniferous. In this region also there are 
granites, but of more than one age, and Dr. Barrois thinks that they 
have rather a tendency to follow the anticlinal axes. 
Brittany, therefore, constitutes our third great synclinal; but in 
that country a far lower sequence of beds is brought to-day than in 
Devonshire, proportionate in fact to the much greater area of the 
country itself. The principal folding movements there also date 
from Carboniferous times, and thus the entire region, from South 
Wales to Brittany inclusive, belongs to what we may call the 
Hercynian system of mountain-making. It is interesting to note 
that, in the vicissitudes of time, the three synclinal areas still keep 
their heads above water, whilst the two areas occupied by the 
anticlinals are submerged—by no means an uncommon geognostic 
feature. Iam not quite prepared to believe that, on this meridian, 
the so-called Hercynian system ever attained to any great degree of 
elevation, though undoubtedly of great width. Its degradation has 
contributed enormously to the Mesozoic deposits, and in a lesser 
degree perhaps to the Tertiaries of the country to the eastward. 
(Zo be concluded in the December Number.) 
See SER Vi Ta BE VV 
J.—Marine Deposits ty THE Inpran OcEAN. 
«On Marine Deposits 1n THE INDIAN, SOUTHERN, AND ANTARCTIC 
Oceans.” By Joun Murray, LL.D., F.R.S.E. Scottish Geo- 
graphical Magazine, vol. v. (1889), pp. 405-436, woodcuts 1-12. 
N November, 1887, Dr. John Murray communicated to the Scottish 
Geographical Magazine an account of the marine deposits in 
the deeper regions of the Indian Ocean, mainly based upon materials 
obtained by Captain J. P. Maclear, of H.M.8. Flying Fish. Subse- 
quent investigations by Captain Pelham Aldrich in H.M.S. Hgeria, 
and Captain A, Carpenter in H.M.S. Investigator, in addition to 
