Reviews—Geological Survey of Canada. 517 
40th parallel of south latitude. South of this the ocean gradually 
shallows towards the Antarctic Continent.... The zone between 
2060 and 3000 fathoms occupies a much larger portion of the whole 
area than any of the others, and it is estimated that the mean depth 
of the whole region is about 2300 fathoms.” 
_ The deposits are classified, as usual, into Oceanic and Terrigenous ; 
and under the former are included the Globigerina, Diatom, and 
Radiolarian Oozes, besides Red Clay, while the latter comprise Blue 
Mud, Coral Mud and Sands, and Green Sands. A brief section of 
the memoir is devoted to each of these sediments, and a series of 
detailed descriptions of typical specimens, with lists of organisms, 
is appended. 
Among the more striking features, perhaps, is the discovery by 
- Capt. Aldrich in the Red Clay area of semi-fossil teeth of Sharks and 
ear-bones of Whales, more or less encrusted with oxide of manganese, 
as already observed by the Challenger expedition in certain similar | 
regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. Through the kindness 
of Dr. Murray we are enabled to reproduce the figures of four such 
specimens (Figs. 1-4) obtained by the Challenger; and it will be 
noted that two, at least, pertain to species characteristic of the 
Middle Tertiary and, so far as known, no longer existing. 
The hollow shell of a dental crown shown in Fig. 1, is indistinguish- 
able from the well-known fossil tooth discovered in the Miocene or 
Pliocene of nearly all parts of the world, and ascribed to Carcharodon 
megalodon. Fig. 2 represents a tooth of Oxyrhina hastalis, which 
seems to have an equally wide distribution in Tertiary formations ; 
and another tooth, not figured, is very suggestive of the so-called 
Otodus obliquus of the London Clay. The Cetacean ear-bone shown 
in Fig. 3 is identified with the existing Ziphius cavirostris; and 
Fig. 4 gives a view, in section, of a manganese concretion formed 
round an ear-bone of Mesoplodon. Small spherules, with metallic 
iron as a nucleus (Fig. 5), regarded as of cosmic origin, are also 
found in the Red Clay; and numerous small mineralogical 
curiosities, including granules of bronzite (Fig. 6), are mingled 
with the same sediment. ‘‘There are indications that volcanic 
disturbances have taken place at the bottom in these regions, but 
at a remote period rather than recently.” A. 8. W 
II.—Guotogican anp Narurat History Survey or Canapa. Con- 
TRIBUTIONS TO CANADIAN PaLtzontoLtoey. By J. F. WHITEAvEs, 
F.G.S., etce., Palzeontologist and Zoologist to the Survey. Vol. I. 
Part II. 8vo. pp. 90-196, plates xii—xxvi. (Montreal, W. F. 
Brown & Co., 1889.) 
ART I. of this series’ contained only one memoir; the present 
consists of three, vizi—(1) On some Fossils from the Hamilton 
Formation of Ontario, with a list of the species at present known 
from that Formation and Province; (2) The Fossils of the Triassic 
Rocks of British Columbia; (8) On some Cretaceous Fossils from 
British Columbia, the North-West Territory and Manitcba. 
1 Reviewed in the Grou. Mac. March, 1886. 
