88 Reviews — Geological Survey of Canada. 



Needless to say, there is much of interest in the remarks of Jukes 

 on the Old Red Sandstone, Devonian, and Carboniferous rocks in 

 that old memoir, which deals with a large part of the area described 

 in the work before us. 



Until the new survey was carried out our knowledge of the 

 Glacial Drifts of the district was meagre, and the greater part of the 

 present memoir is occupied with a general and detailed description 

 of the raised beaches. ' head,' boulder-clay, glacial sands and 

 gravels, old river gravels and deltas, and other superficial deposits. 

 The story told by these complex accumulations has been most ably 

 and skilfully disentangled ; and we commend its perusal to our 

 readers. The pre-glacial or early glacial shore-line discovered by 

 Messrs. Muff & Wright near the mouth of Cork Harbour consists 

 of a rook-shelf, on which there rests in succession raised beach, 

 blown sand, 'head' or talus, boulder-clay, and an upper 'head.' 

 The ancient shore-line is distinctly older than the glaciation of any 

 part of the south or south-east of Ireland. The present river valleys, 

 the origin of which was discussed in a classic paper by Jukes, were 

 mainly of pre-glacial age. The valley system of the interior has 

 been only slightly modified, and the present sea-inlets have been 

 brought about by depression whereby the lower parts of the valleys 

 were submerged. The memoir is well illustrated with photographic 

 plates and other figures, and it contains a useful chapter on economic 

 geology. 



IV. — Geological Survey of Canada. By Egbert Bell, I.S.O., 

 M.D., F.E.S., Acting Director. Part 0, Annual Report, vol. xiv. 

 The Artesian and other Deep Wells on the Island of Montreal. 

 By Frank D. Adams, D.Sc, F.G.S., and Osmond E. Leroy, M.Sc. 

 Svo ; 74 pp. (Ottawa : S. E. Dawson, 1904.) 



THE objects kept in view by the authors of this able report were, 

 in the first place, to describe as completely as possiblf* all the 

 borings put down in the Island of Montreal up to the close of the 

 year 1903, and secondly, to ascertain, if possible, whether any 

 definite water-bearing horizons existed in the undei'lying rocks, 

 and by a study of the geolog}' of the district to learn the character 

 and origin of the subterranean water supplies and the prospect of 

 obtaining water by further borings. 



Eighty-nine boreholes were found to have been made during the 

 period covered by the report. Only six of these were, however, 

 actually flowing, that is artesian wells, most of the Montreal wells 

 requiring to be pumped. A tabulated list specifies the depth in 

 feet of the borings, the diameter of the holes in inches, the capacity 

 per diem in gallons (much higher than that usually required), the 

 character of the water, hard, soft, saline, etc., together with the 

 names of the owners, location of the borings, and other details. 

 A careful description of each boring follows this list, from which 

 it is seen that most of the wells yield potable waters, while some of 

 them are hard, owing to the presence of a considerable quantity 



