354 Rev. R. A. Bullen — Mkrozoa and Molluscafrom Crete. 



II. — Notes on some Miorozoa and Mollusca from East Crete. 



By Eev. R. Ashinoton Bullen, B.A., F.G.S. 



(PLATES XVIII AND XIX.) 



rpHE fossil or sub-fossil remains to which I propose to devote this 

 X short paper were procured from a cave-deposit in East Crete 

 by Miss Dorothea M. A. Bate, whose valuable work among the 

 Pleistocene Mammalia in Crete is so well known. 



Early in 1905 she kindly sent me some helicoid shells from 

 a cave-deposit in East Crete, together with an interesting collection 

 of land and fresh- water mollusca from various parts of the island, all 

 which I have recorded elsewhere.^ There were also some marine 

 mollusca found at Kutri, West Crete, in a cave about 25 feet O.D. 

 Mr. E. A. Smith, F.Z.S., identified one as Calliostoma Laugieri 

 (Payraudeau), and there were others in the same cave-deposit, 

 which, recognizing as marine, Miss Bate did not collect. These 

 occurred in the same cave, in a crevice of which was also a quantity 

 of sea-sand. 



The new material, very small in amount but very great in interest. 

 Miss Bate procured from a large mammalian bone of Pleistocene 

 date, found by her in a cave at Kharoumes, East Crete, 12 to 15 feet 

 O.D. ; and, as the minute organisms found therein are all of 

 a marine facies, their evidence, added to the other facts from Kutri, 

 points to oscillations of the land-surfaces, leading to the submergence 

 and re-emergence of those land-surfaces, other evidences of which 

 were commented on by Kaulin and Spratt more than 40 years ago, in 

 1861 and 1865 respectively. The late eminent geologist. Professor 

 Prestwich, carefully summed up their evidence as follows^: — " From 

 M. Victor Kaulin's work on Crete I gather that there is evidence of 

 the elevation of the island within the historical period to the extent 

 of 15 to 25 feet, and, further, that at a height of about ^oB feet 

 a raised beach of Quaternary age is met with at many points of the 

 coast. Admiral Spratt has shown that within recent times there has 

 been a subsidence of the east coast of Crete, whilst the west side 

 has been elevated to the extent of 26 feet.^ Anchor blocks have 

 been found 11 feet above the sea-level, and the port of Kissamo has 

 been raised 18 feet out of the sea within Christian times. The two 

 piers of the port of Phalasarna,* a city of late Hellenic date, and 

 described by Strabo, are now 22 feet above their original level. ^ 

 Spratt also found Pectunculi of recent species 40 feet above the 

 shore, and indications of another raised beach, or old sea-level, 

 at 100 feet." 



' Proceedings of the Malacological Society, vol. vi, p. 307. 



2 Prestwich, " E\-idences of the Submer<rence of "Western Europe and the 

 Mediterranean Coasts " : Phil. Trans., vol. 184 (1893), p. 969. 



3 Spratt : " Travels and Researches in Crete," vol. ii, p. 241 (the district between 

 Selino and Lissos). 



* Now Kutri. 



» Bate: Geol. Mag., Dec. V, Vol. II (1905), p. 199 sqq. 



