Rev. B. A. Bit lien — Microzoa and MoUusca from Crete. 355 



The evidence brought home by Miss Bate tends, in my opinion, 

 to reinforce and corroborate the observations summed up by 

 Prestwich in the above passage. 



In a recent volume of the Geological Magazine Miss Bate has 

 described this district in her account of her " Search for Pleistocene 

 Mammalia in Crete." ^ The only cave-deposits found in this part of 

 the island were situated in the rugged limestone cliffs bordering the 

 southern end of the Bay of Kharoumes, not many miles south of 

 Palaikastro. At the foot of these cliffs, and only a few feet to a few 

 yards above the sea, were discovered one small bone-cave, and, on 

 either side, portions of the stalagmitio flooring of two others ; all 

 being situated closely together and extending for a distance of 

 a hundred and fifty yards. 



In Spratt's map of Eastern Crete ^ the Bay of Kharoumes appears 

 as Caruba, and in the French military map ^ as Carouba for both 

 village and bay, which latter spelling Spratt also uses for the 

 name of the village. As Miss Bate invariably calls the place and 

 bay by the name Kharoumes, this is undoubtedly the later current 

 Cretan form. But to the south of Carouba is a village marked in 

 the French map Asokiramo, which is unnoticed in Spratt's map, and 

 is evidently nearer the original of the name Kharoumes. So acute an 

 observer as Spratt would not be likely to make a mistake in the 

 spelling of a name, especially as he says the karouba* is the chief 

 produce, and a village to the north of Zakro Bay is named from it. 

 So here in the text we get yet another spelling of the name! 

 Probably Spratt was not responsible for the spelling of the map, as 

 other persons' names are appended to it, but it is all very puzzling 

 and does not make for clearness or exactitude. And may one 

 venture to say that even in England nothing is more common than 

 the variation in a place-name, and that many of the names differ now 

 from their pronunciation and spelling at the time of the engraving 

 of the Survey maps, though there is sufficient similarity in the 

 variants for purposes of identification. 



The Kharoumes Bay district, according to Spratt's Geological 

 map, presents a somewhat central mass of slates and schists, 

 surrounded by a limestone district, flanked on the north, west, and 

 south-east by marine Tertiary deposits. It was in the limestone part 

 of this district only that terrestrial mollusca so far have been found 

 in the stalagmitic breccia. 



With regard to the marine microzoa from the same place, critically 

 examined for me by Mr. E, Holland, his report is as follows: — 

 " This material, although very small in amount, has proved extremely 

 interesting on account of the very striking series of varieties of 



> Spratt: op. cit., vol. ii, pp. 230-2. See also ibid., vol. ii, pp. 135-6. (Evidence 

 of successive uplifts indicated by wave-abrasion aud the occurrence of boring molluscs 

 in the cliffs; many shells stiU in situ.) 



* Op. cit., vol. i, ad Jin. 



^ He de Crete : dessine et heliograve au Service Geographique de I'Armee. 



* The carob-tree, or St. John (the Baptist's) Bread, is found wild in all countries 

 •skirting the Mediterranean. At Malta it is almost the only tree. In Spain we get 

 its Moorish name, algarroba. 



