488 R. Bullen Newton — Fossils from Singapore. 



1903, ser. xv, vol. i, pt. 5, p. 126, pi. v, fig. 19, and p. 176, pi. viii, 

 fig. 11). 



The plant structures, although obscure, are also important. A leaf- 

 like body has been referred to Podozamites cf. lanceolatus (Liudley & 

 Button), a genus and species which enjoyed an extensive geo- 

 graphical distribution during the Bajocian stage of Jurassic times, 

 having been recorded from Yorkshire (Haiburn Wyke) ; Spits- 

 bergen ; Orenburg; East Siberia; Astrabad, Persia; India (Upper 

 Gondwana Beds) ; China ; Japan ; and Korea. 



Podozamites is but one meml)er of a large group of similar plants, 

 generally included under the Cycadacese, which were of abundant 

 occurrence in the Mesozoic period, and of which Williniiisonia may 

 be regarded as the type. Such a flora has been de8cril)ed by 

 Feistmantel as typical of the Upper Gondwana deposits of India, 

 and it is of further interest to note that marine molluscan remains 

 have been also foujid in some of those beds associated with the 

 plants (R. D. Oldham's edition of Medlicott & Blanford's " A Manual 

 of the Geology of India," 1893, p. 180). 



The Singapore Clays, therefore, with their estuarine contents, may 

 be of Middle Jurassic age, and about the horizon of the Inferior 

 Oolite of England or the so-called Bajocian of Continental geologists. 

 They possibly represent an extension or outlier of the Upper 

 Gondwana rocks of India, as well as forming part of the other 

 fossiliferous areas of Eastern Asia, inclu<ling Korea, Japan, and 

 Siberia, which have yielded a similar vegetation. 



Mr. John B. Scrivenor, the discoverer of these fossils, has 

 furnished the following account of the beds and locality, stating 

 that the specimens were obtained " from a 2 ft. (circa) bed of silty 

 clay with obscure plant-remains, forming a part of the series of 

 shale and sandstone beds which embraces all the known sedimentary 

 rocks of Singapore Island apart from surface deposits, and exposed 

 in a big quarry on the north flank of Mount Guthrie, Tanjong 

 Pagar, Singapore Town. 



" What remains of Mount Guthrie is likely to disappear before 

 long; in fact, the original hill extended over the spot where I found 

 the fossils. The specimens take some time to collect, as they are 

 sparsely distributed. I send the best fossil leaf I could find and 

 also an object which may be a fruit I also saw obscure vegetable 

 remains in shale at Tanjong Malang, close by ; and at Mount 

 Wallich, also close by, I saw one piece of badly-preserved fossil 

 wood. In the Mount Guthrie quarry, about 50 yai'ds from the 

 fossiliferous horizon, I found a 6 inch seam of very poor brown coal. 



" The shale and sandstone series is very highly inclined in this 

 part of Singapore ; in one section I saw the beds are vertical. At 

 Mount Guthrie the strike is N.N. W.-S.S.E., the dip about 75° W.S.W. 



"The strike and petrological characteristics of the series wherever 

 seen suggest a connection with the shale and sandstone of the 

 Federated Malay States ; but, again, were these rocks situated in 

 Sarawak [Borneo] the petrological evidence and the presence of the 

 obscure vegetable remains would not be sufficient alone to separate 



