lo HENRY S. WASHINGTON 



Vulcano. This is a typical, breached cinder cone, the outer slopes 

 well preserved on the east, south, and west, but opened up on the north 

 flank by a long, narrow, and deep barranca, which leads up nearly to 

 the top, the upper part being edged by a narrow arete of rough lava 

 on either side. Near the summit is a well-defined, almost circular 

 crater, some 75 meters across, and whose floor is 20 meters below the 

 highest point of the rim on the north, between it and the head of the 

 barranca. Monte Rosso is composed almost wholly of rough scoriae 

 and lapilli, to whose general red color the name of the cone is due, 

 though some blocks of compact lava are seen here and there, and 

 flows from near the base and from the mouth of the barranca have 

 covered the island to the northeast, north, and northwest. Possibly 

 some of the lavas to the south also belong to this cone, but the line of 

 demarkation between these and the lavas of Monte Vulcano laid 

 down on Speciale's map could not be made out by me, the surface 

 being covered largely with sand and soil and partly given over to cul- 

 tivation. 



Immediately to the west of the mouth of the northerly barranca, 

 and east of Monte Biancarella, is a small parasitic cone of reddish 

 scoria, in which were found crystal fragments of feldspar and of a 

 black hornblende, which is peculiar in containing 8.47 per cent, of 

 TiOg, and which will be described elsewhere. The occurrence of 

 hornblende here is mentioned by Speciale. Similar crystals are said 

 to be found at one other spot, on the east coast near I Faraglioni, 

 south of the hghthouse, but I did not visit this locality. 



The third cinder cone is that of Monte Ponente, on the west coast, 

 which, as we have seen, is in close conjunction with the tuff cone of 

 Monte Pozzolana, joining this on the north. At the summit, which 

 my aneroid made out to be 98 meters above sea-level, (the Itahan 

 mihtary map giving 107, and the ItaHan hydrographic map 92), is a 

 small circular crater, with a diameter at the bottom of about 33 

 meters and a depth of 25 meters. The walls are precipitous and are 

 composed of scoriae and lava blocks. 



This volcano has poured out several large flows to the north and 

 northeast, the place where the uppermost one of these has broken 

 through the underlying yellow tuff of Monte Pozzolana being well 

 seen in part of the section exposed by sea action on the northwest. 



