THE VARIATIONS OF GLACIERS 53 



rapid rate there. The inlet was congested with the ice pack last summer and on 

 the south side near the large island the ice jam was completely frozen over and 

 moved as one mass back and forth with the tides. 



Grand Pacific Glacier has receded and left the large granite island surrounded 

 by water. It has receded nearly 20,000 feet; but judging from the amount of 

 ice it is now discharging and the shape of its valley it will not recede so rapidly in 

 the next few years, other conditions remaining the same. 



Johns Hopkins Glacier has receded about 11,000 feet and is still sending off 

 icebergs at a rapid rate. The unnamed glacier directly east has become detached 

 from it and is much like Reid Glacier in character and appearance. 



Reid Glacier has receded perhaps 5,000 feet and still preserves its original 

 aspect as indicated on your map. 



The small dying glacier between Reid and Hugh Miller Glaciers has practic- 

 ally disappeared. At least no ice was visible in the rock and moraine debris. 



Hugh Miller Glacier no longer reaches tide water in Reid Inlet and at low tide 

 is nearly a mile back from it. The tide flats are long and with only a slight grade. 

 In Hugh Miller Inlet this glacier was exposed to tide water only in the southwestern 

 bay, where its front is intercepted in its central part by a large promontory of light 

 colored granite. Eight thousand feet is approximately its amount of recession 

 since 1892. Charpentier Glacier also receded about 9,000 feet and promises to 

 continue its recession rapidly, especially along its southern front as its valley is 

 opening out and allowing a greater exposure of ice front to the action of tide water. 



The small stagnant glacier east of Charpentier is simply melting away and 

 will probably disappear in ten or twenty years. 



Favorite Glacier is still receding. Wood Glacier is no longer tidal and only 

 a small part of Geikie Glacier ice front is exposed to salt water. Geikie Glacier 

 has receded about 5,000 feet during the past 14 years. 



On the whole, recession has been the rule for the glaciers of Glacier Bay. 

 Those glaciers have receded most whose ice fronts have, on recession, increased 

 appreciably in length. In the past 14 years the combined ice front of all the 

 glaciers exposed to tide water has increased from 17,000 feet to over 40,000 feet 

 and the amount of recession has in that time alone equalled that of the previous 

 20 years. 



To the west of Glacier Bay, Brady Glacier in Taylor Bay has receded consider- 

 ably. In Lituya Bay, the glacier at the northwestern end of the bay has advanced 

 about one-half mile since 1894; the central and southeastern glaciers have appar- 

 ently remained unchanged although the latter may have advanced slightly. 



The two glaciers at the ends of the bay were reported in 1894 

 to be about three kilometers in advance of their positions of 1786. 

 It is curious that the glaciers of "Lituya Bay should be advancing, 

 while those of Glacier Bay, about fifty kilometers to the east, are 

 retreating so markedly. 



