THE LOWER HURON I AN ICE AGE 157 



southern Labrador. Mr. J. B. Tyrrell has found them on Pipestone 

 and Cross lakes northeast of Lake Winnipeg, in long. 97° 30', and Mr. 

 Stewart Dobbs has described them from Manitou River near Hudson 

 Bay, inlat. 57° and long. 92°. Huronian conglomerates exist, then, at 

 points 1,000 miles apart from east to west and 750 miles apart from 

 south to north ; and there is little doubt that areas still remain to be 

 discovered in the far north. To the south of the Great Lakes very 

 similar Lower Huronian conglomerates are known in Minnesota and 

 Michigan, and it is altogether probable that other areas to the south 

 are buried beneath the Paleozoic sediments. Supposedly Huronian 

 conglomerates have been described also from the Avalon Peninsula 

 of Newfoundland. 



So far as North America is concerned the probable extent of glaci- 

 ated territory is comparable to that of the Permo-Carboniferous and 

 the Pleistocene. In the Old World also there are very ancient bowlder 

 conglomerates which may be of the same age and origin. Sir Archi- 

 bald Geikie says of such bowlder beds in Scotland that, "where the 

 component blocks are large and angular, as at Gairlock, they remind 

 the observer of the stones in a moraine or in bowlder clay." ^ Similar 

 pre-Cambrian conglomerates are found in Scandinavia and in Fin- 

 land; and probably also in India and China; but whether they are 

 equivalent in age to the Lower Huronian of Canada is uncertain. 



GENERAL CONCLUSIONS 



It has been shown that convincing evidence of glacial action in 

 Lower Huronian times has been found in the Cobalt region of northern 

 Ontario, the glaciated stones obtained there furnishing the final proof; 

 that exactly similar conglomerates occur at points 50 and 200 miles 

 farther west, though no striated stones have yet been found in them ; 

 and that bowlder conglomerates, once probably of the same kind, but 

 now squeezed and rendered schistose, occur in every important tract 

 of Huronian in North America, suggesting strongly that the whole 

 region was glaciated at that time. 



Moved by conservatism and having in mind the long-accepted 

 theory of a molten earth slowly cooling to its present temperatures, 

 some geologists may object to the conclusions given above and may 

 think that too much stress has been put on the few scratched bowlders 



I Text Book oj Geology, p. 705. 



