246 FREDERICK W. SARDESON 



greater range and wider distribution than any other. At Minneapolis 

 and St. Paul it has been found in the Galena-Trenton in zone No. 4. 

 (Stictopora bed) (Figs. 11, 12, and 15), in zone No. 5. (Fucoid bed) 

 (Figs. 13, 14), and in zone No. 6. (Orthisina bed), and at Kenyon, 

 Minn., also in zone No. 6 (Figs. 16, 17). Those from the Trenton 

 of New York, as described by Hall (see Fig. i), may belong to the 

 same. In their occurrence they are associated with stems and 

 crowns of Schizocrinus, to which they may belong. No other Crinoidal 

 stems and plates are as abundant and no others are known in each bed. 

 From the reabsorbed appearance of the stem-scar, as compared with 

 other parts of the root in all sizes of specimens, I am led to adopt 

 further the interpretation that the stems were loosed from the root 

 at any convenient time during the animal's life. 



Podolithus Anomalocrinus n. sp. 



(Figs. 18, 19) 



This species is known by a single specimen from zone No. 6 

 (Orthisina bed) of the Galena-Trenton, below Mantorville, Dodge 

 Co., Minn. The specimen is a root with a fragment of a large stem 

 with large lumen. From the stem to the margin its top surface is 

 concave. The specimen is now free, although the fixing-plate on its 

 under side bears a distinct impression from a former attachment 

 upon a nearly flat surface. This impression shows quadrangular 

 figures in transverse rows, and appears to be that of the inside of a 

 Receptaculites. Short blunt processes occur at the angles where 

 canals would run through that wall of Receptaculites. This impres- 

 sion indicates, I think, that the root grew on an intra-formational 

 conglomerate pebble, which consisted of a fossil Receptaculites. Such 

 fossils with more or less of adhering matrix are not uncommon as 

 pebbles in that zone. 



The margin of the root forms a sharp, shghtly serrate edge in one 

 place (left side of Fig. 19) ; in another it is abruptly turned upward, 

 right side,- and for the rest it appears to be overturned upon the top 

 surface. The overturned part has a spongy-looking surface. Evi- 

 dently the root was accidentally restricted in its growth. If it had 

 not been, then the specimen would have resembled more closely the 

 one described by Meek (see Fig. 4). The margin would have prob- 

 ably been five-lobed, corresponding to five prominences which radiate 



