3 go REVIEWS 



already been used by Dr. Newberry for one of the important formations 

 of Ohio. Several years ago the Indiana formation was renamed the Salem 

 limestone by Dr. Cumings from another town in the Indiana district where 

 the formation is also well shown. 



The introduction to the report, written by Doctors Cumings and Beede, 

 gives an interesting account of the occurrence of this fauna as well as of 

 the localities at which it is most abundant. This formation occurs, strati- 

 graphically, near the base of the Mississippian series of Indiana, resting 

 in the northern part of its outcrop on the basal limestone of the Indiana 

 Mississippian — known as the Harrodsburg — and, in a large portion of its 

 southern outcrop, upon a shale. The formation is said to be rather len- 

 ticular in its occurrence, pinching out at two known localities, attaining a 

 thickness of fifty or sixty feet in the vicinity of Bedford where it is typically 

 developed, oolitic or semi-oolitic in structure, and frequently cross-bedded. 

 In their typical development the fossils are characterized by their stunted 

 form and extreme abundance. The authors state that "the cross-bedding 

 of the rock, its water-worn fossils, the fact that they are stunted, and the 

 oolitic or semi-oolitic character of the rock, wherever typically developed, 

 preclude the idea of its pelagic origin and argue forcibly in favor of a 

 semi-littoral or lagoonal origin, as is also indicated by its broadly lenticular 

 occurrence 



" In general the gastropods and brachiopods found in the Salem lime- 

 stone are forms indicative of shallow conditions, such forms as might 

 inhabit coral reefs and lagoons where there is considerable agitation of the 

 water." This part of the report is illustrated by five half-tones giving views 

 of characteristic exposures of the limestone and a sixth plate showing a 

 slab of the fossiliferous limestone from Bloomington. 



The greater part of the report, however, is devoted to a systematic 

 description of the fossils of this limestone which are here, for the first time, 

 brought together, described, and illustrated in one work. As might 

 naturally be expected, it contains a description of a considerable number of 

 new varieties and species, and it is stated that, "The larger part of the time 

 was spent in the study of the corals, bryozoans, etc., not represented in 

 the works of Hall and Whitfield." The descriptions of the Protozoa, 

 Pentremites, Echinoderma, Vermes, Brachiopoda, and Pelecypoda are by 

 Dr. Beede. Miss Essie A. Smith contributes an interesting paper on the 

 "Development and Variation of Pentremites conoideus,''' in the closing part 

 of which she discusses the "dwarfing of the fauna of the Salem limestone." 

 Miss Smith states that this limestone "was probably laid down in a lagoon 

 or partially enclosed sea, and the dwarfing of the fauna was perhaps due in 



