392 REVIEWS 



of the lowest beds. The top division is the Grande Greve limestone which 

 is "the seat of a profuse fauna with very strong Oriskany traits commingled 

 with features of still later age." The species indicating later age are stated 

 to be such as might be paralleled with members of the Onondaga fauna of 

 New York in an incipient stage of development, and present evidence of an 

 earlier stage than that of the Onondaga. It is noted that certain species of 

 this fauna occur in a very different facies than in New York since "the large, 

 heavy-valved species of brachiopods which characterize the loose and 

 coarse sandy deposits of the Oriskany in central New York here occur with- 

 out diminution of size or essential change of structure in entirely pure 

 limestone deposits," and Hipparionyx proximus, Spirijer arenosus, and 

 Rensselaeria ovoides are mentioned as examples. It is stated that during 

 Devonian time: 



The evidence is complete of an unimpeded passage and migration [from this 

 region] southwestward into the Appalachian basin of New York and of entire 

 isolation from any communication far enough to the east to register itself in the 

 transatlantic fauna s. The succession and trend of outcrops of all paleozoic forma- 

 tions from New York eastward to the Gulf of St. Lawrence, a distance of 600 

 miles, conveys the impression that the deposits in question were laid down in a 

 relatively narrow channel bounded by Appalachian folds of the older land and 

 this impression is fortified by the detailed study of this fauna and of the almost 

 denuded patches of paleozoics lying in the region between. 



At Dalhousie on the upper reaches of the Bay of Chaleur "is an isolated 

 series of soft calcareous shales with interbedded contemporaneous effusives." 

 Dr. Clarke states that he has determined about seventy species which may 

 be used in comparison and correlation with other faunas. Nearly one-half 

 of these are identical or affiliated with the Helderbergian fauna of the Appa- 

 lachian gulf and a few of them are also present in the St. Alban beds of the 

 Gaspe section. The pelecypod element shows a noticeable affinity with 

 that of the Coblenzian, which is indicated by certain positive identifications 

 as Pterinea pseudolaevis and Carydium gregarium. Only a few species of 

 the brachiopods, however, can be referred to the European rather than 

 the American type. 



In Aroostook County in northeastern Maine are the Chapman sand- 

 stones which occur in two separate localities, one covering the upper reaches 

 of Presqu'isle stream and the other known as Edmund's hill. The faunas 

 of the two localities, however, show a decided difference since in a total 

 of seventy-two probable species, forty-nine constitute the Edmund's hill 

 fauna and twenty-five that of the Presqu'isle stream, while but two species 

 are common to both outcrops. The two faunas, however, are united by 



