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ROBERT ANDERSON 





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except for gentle undulations, 

 is almost level and has an 

 average elevation of about 

 1,500 feet. On the inner side 

 of each it slopes gently up to 

 the central range, and on the 

 outer side to the wall. Each 

 half of the caldera is traversed 

 by a stream that follows a shal- 

 low curving course from east 

 to west. The stream in the 

 southern basin is called " Shir- 

 akawa" {kawa or gawa means 

 river) ; that in the northern, the 

 "Kurogawa. " The usually 

 dry, branching, tributary run- 

 nels in the upper course of the 

 former are shown in the middle 

 foreground of Fig. 3. The 

 Kurogawa carries considerably 

 more water than the former 

 and is worthy to be called a 

 small river. (See Fig. 5.) 

 These streams unite around 

 the western end of the central 

 range, which just fails to reach 

 the wall there, and flow out 

 through a canyon or barranco. 

 The single stream thus formed, 

 called the Shirakawa, runs 

 westward down the mountains 

 and across the Kumamoto 

 plain to the sea. The point of 

 outlet is at an elevation of 

 about 1,000 feet above the 

 sea, and on approaching it 

 the streams leave their gentle 



