THE VOLCANO ASO AND ITS LARGE CALDERA 523 



Palma, in the Canary Islands, has a crater that has been reported 

 as 9 miles in diameter.^' 



Teneriffe, in the same group, has a crater with longest diameter 

 of 8 miles. '^ 



St. Helena Island preserves the wreck of a crater which according 

 to Darwin^ may have measured 8 or 9 by 4 miles. From other 

 descriptions the longest diameter does not appear to have been more 

 than 4 or 5 miles. ^ 



Mauritius according to Darwin has remnants of an oval crateral 

 ring with shorter diameter of 13 miles. ^ ^^^ ^ 



San Thiago (St. Jago) Island has a remnant resembling in character 

 and size that of Mauritius.^ 



Reunion has a central, crater-Hke depression that is approximately 

 round and 6 miles in diameter. ^ 



Antandroy, in Madagascar, has a partially destroyed crater with 

 diameter of 15 miles. ^ 



In the District of Ngorongo, in East Africa, an apparently crateral 

 depression measuring over 12 miles across has recently been de- 

 scribed. '^ 



Kamtschatka is said to contain a crateriform lake 15 miles in 

 diameter surrounded by the Palan Mountains, and another large 

 lake, called Kranosk, probably crateral. 



Japanese lakes. — The following lakes of northern Japan may 

 occupy calderas : 



Tazawa, about 60 miles west of Morioka, Hondo. It is 6 miles in 

 diameter, and the volcano Komago-take is within 10 miles of it. 



1 Leopold von Buch, Physikalische Beschreibung der canarischen Inseln, Berlin, 

 1825; also, Ges. Schrijten, herausgeg. von Ewald, Roth und Dames, Vol. Ill, 1877, 

 p. 150. 



2 Charles Darwin, Geological Observations on Volcanic Islands, London, Smith, 

 Elder & Co., 185 1, pp. 29-30. 



3 J. C. Meliss, St. Helena, London^ L. Reeve & Co., 1875. 



4 M. Bailly, Voyage aux Terres Australes, tome I, p. 54. 



5 Charles Velain, Description Geologique de I' He de la Reunion, etc., Paris, Typo- 

 graphie A. Hennuyer, 1878. 



6 E. F. Gautier, Madagascar, Paris, Libraire Maritime et Coloniale, 1902. 



7 Fritz Jaeger, Mitteilungen aus den deutschen Schutzgebieten, Nos. 2 & 3, 1907. 

 See also a review of this in the Geog. Journ. (London), Vol. XXX, 5, November, 1907, 

 p. 560. 



