6oo E. C. ABENDANON 



ENE-WSW. Very interesting in connection with this appears the deviation of 

 the anticline, which extends from the middle of the Wu-shan gorge toward the 

 east. This deviation takes place a little farther upstream, above K'ui-chou, 

 from a direction about EW to a more or less meridional one, so that the convex 

 side is turned toward the NE. This fact shows, firstly, the capacity of resistance 

 of the anticline of Nan-t'ou, which resistance would seem to me impossible, if 

 a great fault^ really existed. And, secondly, that the origin of the anticline of 

 Nan-t'ou must date from before the folding of the Red Basin. 



According to my idea the sinking from west to east and the devia- 

 tion of the anticline of Pa-tung, have in the structural geology of the 

 land, a very special and interesting signification, representing as they 

 do the relation of a fold of the Red Basin with regard to the anticline 

 of Nan-t'ou. 



This deviation of the anticline of Pa-tung has not been observed 

 by Willis. Pumpelly however does mention it, although this explorer 

 also failed to observ^e its signification. Pumpelly^ writes: 



The trend of the beds, which near the gorge (of Mi-t'an) was NNE, with a 

 dip of about 40° to WNW, changes here to N with a dip to E and farther up 

 opposite Kwei (K'ui-chou-hien) it is N by W with an inclination of 70° E by N. 

 Here is the beginning of a series of those angular plications so common to coal 

 measures in all countries. Small beds of limestone and red argillite alternate 

 with sandstone until, about two miles above Kwei, the first coal seems to crop 

 out and with the appearance of these, the trend changes to NW by W, more 

 than 90° from its normal direction of NE-SW. 



If we look at the hills of the K'ui-chou formation near K'ui-chou, 

 we see (as Fig. 7 shows) for the last time the indication of the Pa-tung 

 anticline through steep ENE-dipping layers on the left bank of the 

 Yang-tzi, by the beginning of the anticlinal arch in the top of the 

 massive hilly landscape at the place, and through steep WSW- 

 dipping layers in the hindmost hill-tops on the right bank of the river. 



Below K'ui-chou the trend of the layers is NNE-SSW, and the dip 

 still steep ESE, but this soon becomes less, and it coincides with a 

 decrease in height of the surrounding hills. Neither do the hard 

 sandstone beds occur in the upper levels of the K'ui-chou formation. 



1 This remark refers to my observation of the anticline of Nan-t'ou, in contrast 

 with von Richthofen's Gebirgsbruch bei I-tsch'ang. Willis too remarks (p. 286 of his 

 work): "von Richthofen was thereby led to consider it a fault-scarp, but there is no 

 fault such as he inferred." 



2 Smithsonian Contributions to Knoivledge, Vol. XV, "Geological Researches in 

 China, Mongolia, and Japan," p. 6. 



