THE LOCALITIES AND HORIZONS OF PERMIAN 

 VERTEBRATE FOSSILS IN TEXAS 



W. F. CUMMINS 



The vertebrate fossils from the Permian formation in Texas 

 described by Professor E. D, Cope were collected by myself and others 

 before any stratigraphic work had been done in the part of the state 

 in which that formation occurs, and the only thing that could be done 

 by the collector was to give the locality from which the specimen 

 was taken. Whether the different localities were of the same horizon 

 or whether they were entirely different beds was not known, and con- 

 sequently could not be given. 



At a subsequent period, as a member of the Texas Geological 

 Survey, I made a thorough examination of the country and complete 

 stratigraphic sections across the entire Permian area. These sections 

 were published in the Second Annual Report of the Survey. 



After the stratigraphic work had been done, I took up, with Pro- 

 essor Cope, the work of giving the horizon of each of his described 

 forms and the study of the development of the forms of life. Unfor- 

 tunately, before the completion of this work the death of Professor 

 Cope occurred, and his collection passed into other hands and the 

 paper was not prepared. Later, I asked Professor Osborne, into 

 whose hands most of Professor Cope's Permian fossils had gone, to 

 send me the localities as given on the labels with the fossils collected 

 from Texas. The request was referred to Professor E. C. Case, who 

 very kindly furnished me with such facts as the labels disclosed. 



More recently. Dr. W. D. Matthews, of the American Museum of 

 Natural History, New York, sent me the card list and the original 

 lists sent to Professor Cope by the collectors, together with the original 

 correspondence relating to the collections. 



From these sources I have been enabled to give the localities of 

 most of the vertebrate fossils collected. 



After these fossils had been collected, Dr. C. A. White, of the 

 United States Geological Survey, came to Texas, and together we 



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