76 Transactions. 
extend its uses. I look forward to the time when it will have a 
well stored library, a well filled museum, and above all a well 
qualified curator. (Cheers.) The Society is really an educational 
institution, carrying on to some extent the work of university 
extension in this town. It supplies an intellectual stimulus. I 
think it must supply a bond of union among its members, and 
tend to break down those narrow, artificial, but still rigid barriers 
which are apt to spring up in provincial towns. I am told it 
supplies glimpses of rural pleasure in its summer excursions ; and 
it is seeking to supply social enjoyment in such a meeting as this. 
(Cheers.) 
Sir James proceeded to deliver a very able lecture on 
‘‘Kmotional Expression.” Noticing Darwin’s theory on the 
subject, he remarked that although the facts observed by Darwin 
himself or selected by him with great discrimination were always 
of the greatest value, he thought the laws propounded by him 
were now open to review. With regard to the principle of 
antithesis, according to which certain movements were expressive 
of certain emotions because they were the opposite of movements 
expressive of opposite emotions, he had had doubt even when 
working with Darwin. Among other reasons for scepticism he 
observed that such sharply opposite emotions as grief and joy 
were expressed by weeping and laughter; but that these modes 
of expression were not opposed might be seen by a simple experi- 
ment. In Darwin’s book you had an illustration of a baby 
crying, but by placing another picture over it and retaining the 
face the squalling baby was converted into a fat and bald old 
gentleman laughing consumedly. (Laughter.) This was explained 
by the association in the mind of squalling with babies and 
laughter with fat old gentlemen. The lecturer went on to refer 
to the great discovery of the localisation of functional activity in 
the brain, and the perfection of knowledge on the subject obtained 
by experiment chiefly on the brains of monkeys, by the electrical 
excitement of certain areas. He mentioned in this connection 
that in one of those beneficent operations, which a few years ago 
would have been considered impossible, he had seen Mr Victor 
Horsley touch particular parts of a human brain, causing move- 
ment in certain parts of the body, and remove a tumour from the 
brain, and thus cure the patient of epileptic fits. The central 
portion of the-brain, where were localised the movements of the 
face, controlled the nervous system, to which Darwin gave a 
