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gravel, hard and well bound together, the surface well rounded, 
the edges supported on two courses of stone ; and for carrying 
off the surface water there have been hewn stone gutters on either 
side, of which several pieces yet remain im situ. The foundations 
of the building, unfortunately, have in some places wholly dis- 
appeared ; for the most part those remaining are two courses of 
stone in height only, but in some instances they rise to a height 
of several courses. There are indications showing that the build- 
ings have been of varied importance ; those abutting on the east- 
to-west road, and particularly towards the east end of it, have 
evidently been intended for the more important purposes. They 
are distinguished by greater thickness of wall and better work- 
manship, but chiefly by the numerous prominent buttresscs pro- 
jecting therefrom on all sides. Two also show hypocaust arrange- 
ments for artificially heating the interior ; these consist of a system 
of hot air ducts with connecting openings, over which the floors 
were laid. The other buildings seem to have been simple oblongs, 
without any distinctive features. Some of the masonry, dis- 
tinguished by the less thickness of the walling and inferior work- 
manship, evidently belongs to a period subsequent to the erection 
of the original work ; and as it stands on the old footings and 
alongside the old walling, would seem first to have been 
destroyed, and probably after a lengthened interval, when the art 
of building had deteriorated, the secondary work would be under. 
taken. Other circumstances, such as the existence of one floor 
overlying another at a lower level, point in the same direction. 
All this, however, remains to be more fully inquired into and 
considered. Several interesting methods followed in the con- 
struction of the works are revealed. Preparation, for instance, 
is made for the reception of the footings of the more important 
walls by putting down a thick bed of well-tempered clay, and 
setting its surface with a causeway of whinstone cobbles ; the 
walls are built in courses, with all the stones placed as headers, 
and the centre is closed with stones fitted in without shivers. 
The dressings indicate the use of various tools, the axe, scabbling 
pick, point, and chisels of several kinds. One is brought well 
into the presence of the old Roman mason when the breadth of 
the chisels he used is found marked on the stones on which they 
were sharpened. The character of the buildings as indicated by 
what remains of them sufficiently proves that they were not 
intended to serve a temporary purpose but were meant for 
Dal 
