PROFESSOE OWEN ON INDIAN CBTACBA. 29 



The squamosal consists chiefly of its articular or zygomatic part (PI. IX. figs. 1 & 3, 27), 

 which is deep in proportion to its length, truncate, and three-sided ; the outer side is 

 slightly convex and rather rough, 1" 5'" in depth posteriorly ; the inner side is divided 

 between the articular cavity (fig. 3, g), rough for syndesmosis with the mandible, and 

 the smoother surface internal to it, which extends mesiad in a triangular depressed form 

 ( 27' ) beneath the back part of the alisphenoid (6), but without joining it: the upper 

 surface, of an inequilateral shape, contributes a lower wall to the temporal fossa. The 

 squamous portion (fig. 1), continued upward from this facet, is triangular, with a rounded 

 apex, about an inch in length, and rather more in height ; it is applied against the ali- 

 sphenoid (e) and parietal (7). The rough posterior tract articulating with the parietal 

 ( 7 ) and exoccipital ( 2 ), and contributing to the outer wall of the otocrane (fig. 3, or), 

 I consider to be the " mastoid" confluent with the squamosal, together forming the bone 

 which should be termed " squamo-mastoid." The mastoid part termmates below in a 

 rough, flattened, triangular surface (fig. 3, 8), 5" 7'" in diameter, which is divided from 

 the zygomatic or articular process of the squamosal (y) by a deep fissure. On the inner 

 side of the base or back part of the mastoid, in the Ime of its suture with the parietal, 

 is the (stylomastoid'?) fossa. The squamosal forms no part of the inner or projjer 

 wall of the cranial cavity. The glenoid or mandibul-articular surface (g) is longitu- 

 dinally oblong, 1" 5'" by 8'" in diameter, moderately concave, least so transversely, and 

 looking inward, downward, and with a slight inclination forward. The mandible 



oiFers no notable peculiarity, save that which relates to shortness in proportion 

 to the entii'e skull, concurrently with the same specific character of the upper jaw. 

 The depth of the ramus at the coronoid process is relatively as great as in the longer- 

 jawed species, and consequently bears a greater ratio to the length of the entire 

 ramus : this in the present skull is 7", the gi*eatest vertical extent of the ramus being 

 2" 6'" ; the shallowest part of the ramus is where it supports the teeth ; it deepens a 

 little at the short symphysis. There are fourteen alveoli approximated in a common 

 groove in each mandible, extending along 3" 3'" from the symphysis. The correspond- 

 ing groove of the upper jaw (fig. 3) shows seventeen alveoli, along an extent of 3" 6'". The 

 deeper part of the alveolus is distinct in the anterior teeth ; but, as they recede, the sockets 

 are indicated by depressions merely in the common groove. The teeth are slender ones : 

 the anterior ones in the upper jaw average a length of 8'", two-thu-ds of the u-regular 

 cement-covered, thickened, and solid base being implanted, the exposed third forming a 

 smooth, partially enamelled, pointed crown, with a circular transverse section and in 

 most a slight mcm-vation ; the length of crown is from 3'" to 4'", the diameter of its 

 base 1'", that of the inserted root 2'". 



As in other Belphinidw, the bony palate is entke, save at the slight median divarica- 

 tion of the maxiUaries and premaxHlaries, and the major part of this median fissure is 

 closed by the vomer. A pair of smaU (neuro-vascular) foramina is situated near the 

 maxillo-palatine suture, and one or two others obliquely groove and pierce the palatine 

 plate of the maxillary. 



