PEOPESSOR OWEN ON INDIAN CETACEA. 39 



the "hamular" one ; the outer jDoition, partly marked oif by a ridge from the palatine 

 plate of the inner portion, bends outward and backward with a convexity toward the 

 palate, then slightly inward, as if twisted on itself, and, expanding at its upper attach- 

 ments to the pre-, orbito-, ali-, and basi-sphenoids, terminates by developing the 

 deep and broad plate (ib. 24' ) which appears to continue forward the otocranial 

 plate (5') of the basioccipito-sphenoid. The inner sui-face of the outer part of the 

 ptei-ygoid is vertically concave to its posterior lamella, which is so bent as to make that 

 surface somewhat convex: the concave channel prolongs backward the nasal passage 

 (w) beyond the septum. A semicu'cular emargination divides the posterior subvertical 

 plate from the palatine portion (24) of the pterygoid. The total length of the pterygoid 

 is 4 inches 8 lines ; the breadth of the pair of bones posteriorly is 5 inches ; the sutural 

 union of the pteiygoid with suiTounding bones persists'. 



The malar bone (PL XII. fig. 1, PL XIII. figs. 1, 2, 26) is represented in the present skull 

 by the portion of that in Belphinidw (PL IX. figs. 1, .3, 26') which is wedged like a 

 lacrymal^ between the fi-ontal (ir) and maxillary (21") at the upper and fore part of the 

 orbit {or) : it is here of a subtriedral conical shape, with its base notched for a wedged 

 union with the maxillary above, and concave where it joins the frontal behind : the inner 

 angle of the base curves forward, with a slight twist, to unite agaui with the maxillary 

 at the inner side of the malo-maxillary fissui-e (A"). The outer facet of the malar is 

 slightly concave vertically, convex transversely : the antero-intemal facet is concave m 

 both dii-ections, except where it curves anteriorly round the obtuse angle between it and 

 the outer surface : the internal or orbital surface is the naiTowest, and is conxex trans- 

 versely, and straight vertically. The apex is subbifid, the outer part (PL XII. fig. \,z) 

 low and obtuse, the inner one longer, produced downward and rather backward, and 

 termmating less obtusely ; but there is no sign of any slender zygomatic style having 

 been continued from this part, as in Phocwna brevirostris (PL IX. fig. 1, 26). It would 

 seem, therefore, that the zygomatic processes of both malar and squamosal were short and 

 free ; they are separated by an interval of more than 2 inches in the present skull, which 

 interval I found occupied by a ligament ("sclerous" state of malar) in a young Cachalot^. 



The squamosal forms an articular surface (PL XIII. fig. 2, 27,^) for the mandible, look- 



■ "The pterygoid, which is double the size of the palatine, extends backward to the basioccipital, articulating 

 in that course by its expanded upper border with the pre-, basi-, and aU-sphenoids ; from this border the bone 

 descends arching inward toward its fellow, which it joins along the anterior half of its extent: the remain- 

 ing free border is divided from this by a deep notch, and circumscribes the posterior bony aperture of the 

 nostril." — Physeter macrocephalm, op. cit. p. 44-3. 



'- If this be the homologue of a lacrymal, it is not merely confluent, but connate with the malar. 



3 "The malar is moderately long and slender, bent upon itself at an acute angle; the upper portion, 

 wedged between the maxiUary and frontal, is the thickest ; the lower and more slender branch is bent down- 

 ward and backward, circumscribing the orbit anteriorly and below, and is connected by ligament to the 

 zy-oraatlc process of the squamosal. There is no lacrymal ho^e." -Physeter macrocephah.s, op. cit. p. 444. 



