12 PROFESSOR ALLMAX OX THE CHARACTERS 



edge of the coronoid process runs downwards and slightly forwards, with a convex curve ; 

 it meets the horizontal ramus at about a line behind the posterior molar. 



Antenor Ext7-emities — The scapula measures one inch in length, and is half an inch 

 broad at its base, which forms a uniform convex curve. From the angles of the base 

 the superior and inferior costse converge towards the anterior end of the spine, where 

 the scapula becomes contracted into a neck, whose superior margin is continued into a 

 slightly prominent coracoid. The supraspinal fossa is posteriorly about twice as broad 

 as the iiifraspinal fossa ; but it rapidly narrows towards the neck of the scapula, and then 

 disappears, while the infraspinal fossa continues still distinct. The long free edge of 

 the spine is continued forwards as a very slender acromion. The glenoid cavity is ovo- 

 triangular, with its apex directed downwards. The subscapular surface is smooth and 

 slightly concave. 



The clavicles are entirely absent. 



The humerus, measured from the upper surface of its head to the lower end of the 

 bone, is 1^^ inch in length. The head is nearly hemispherical ; the lesser tuberosity 

 forms a slightly elevated prominence ; while the greater tuberosity forms a strong 

 pyramidal projection, by which the axis of the shaft is continued for about -^ths of an 

 inch beyond the head. The shaft of the humerus presents a sharp edge in front, and 

 is smooth and rounded behind. The anconeal fossa is imperforate, and there is no 

 foramen above the internal condyle. Almost the whole of the front of the elbow-joint 

 is formed by the surface for the radius. 



The ulna, measured from the superior margin of the great sigmoid cavity to the lower 

 end of the bone, is 1 inch in length ; the olecranon process is i^ths of an inch. The 

 radius and ulna are quite distinct ; but the radius cannot be rotated on the ulna so as 

 to effect supination. 



There are eight bones in the carpus, arranged in the usual proximal and distal series, 

 with four bones in each series. The pisiform bone is large and subcylindrical ; it 

 projects backwards from the outer side of the wrist, so as to form a sort of carpal heel. 

 The metacarpal bone of the poUex is the shortest ; that of the minimus comes next to 

 it in length ; those of the index and annularis come next, and are equal to one another, 

 while that of the medius is the longest. 



Posterior Extremities. — The pelvis is narrow. The ossa innominata articulate with 

 the first and second sacral vertebrae. The ilium is a narrow bone, nearly semicylindrical 

 in shape, convex on its outer surface, and with its superior or anterior end slightly 

 everted. The ischium nearly continues the axis of the ilium as far as the thin tuber- 

 osity, and then turns vertically downwards to form the posterior boundary of the oval 

 obturator foramen. The pubic bones form an angle of about 188° with the ihac, beino- 

 thus almost on a line with them. The two pubic bones converge towards one another, at 

 an angle of 40° ; but they form no true symphysis, being separated from each other at 

 vheir posterior and inferior angle by a space of about ^^oth of an inch wide, wliich is 



