OSTEOLOGY OF THE DODO. 55 



has a broad, bituberculate base (ib. hy), but is limited in fore and aft extent to the 

 middle third of the under surface of the centrum : its length is shown in fig. 6, hy. The 

 parapophysis (fig. 7, p) is slender, and expands at both attachments, with an indication 

 of a terminal surface. The diapophysis [d) has a larger costal surface : it sends for- 

 ward a convex ridge midway between the di- and zygapophysis {z). The neural canal 

 (fig. 7, n) has wider and more fully elliptical outlets than the hinder dorsal vertebra, 

 in relation to the greater extent of motion at the fore part of the series. I conclude 

 that a free pleurapophysis (^j/) existed, indicating the present to be the first of the dorsal 

 series, as shown in PI. XV. Tlie neural spiae is short, broad, obtusely pointed, with a 

 vertically oblong syndesmotic surface (fig. 7) before and behind. Each postzygapophysis 

 (fig. 6, z') supports an anapophysial tubercle («). 



A cervical vertebra from a position just in advance of the above has lost the neural 

 spine, but retains the hypapophysis. This process (ib. figs. 8 & 9, hy) is compressed 

 and directed obliquely downward and forward for an extent of 6 lines ; the extremity is 

 rounded : the length of the centrum of this vertebra is 1 inch 3 lines ; the anterior 

 articular surface is longest transversely, and concave in that direction, convex vertically ; 

 the proportions and curvatures are transposed in the posterior suiface (fig. 9, c). The 

 parapophysis (ib. p) is continued from the anterior border of the centrum to the 

 middle; it is a depressed plate, confluent with the rib (ib. d). The diapophysis 

 forms a short, obtuse projection above its anchylosis with the rib (ib. pi) : this 

 projects backward 7 liaes in length, terminating obtusely, and circumscribing a ver- 

 tebrarterial foramen (ib. v) of a full elliptic shape, 5^ lines in long diameter. The 

 surfaces of the preezygapophyses (z) are larger, and look more upward and less inward, 

 than in the preceding and the dorsal vertebrae : they are veij slightly concave. Those 

 of the postzygapophyses (fig. 8, z), with a downward and slightly outward aspect, are 

 in a similar degree convex. The neural canal, as usual in the cei-vical series, expands 

 at its outlets, most so posteriorly (fig. 9, n) ; the middle of the upper surface of the 

 neural arch is impressed by an elliptical, rough, ligamentous surface, which slightly 

 rising in the middle is the sole indication of a neural spine. The upper surface of 

 each postzygapophysis developes a tuberous anapophysis (figs. 8 & 9, a). 



The three cervicals that succeed the axis show progressively sinking neural spines, 

 which subside in the six following vertebrae (PI. XV.). The third cervical has also the 

 hypapophysis (PL XXIII. fig. 3, hy). 



In all the other cervicals of the present series the hypapophysis is wanting, but each 

 parapophysis developes a plate (PI. XVII. figs. 10 & 11, PI. XX. fig. 1,^) to form the 

 sides of the haemal canal thi'ough which the carotids ran ; and the position of such ver- 

 tebrae in the cervical series is indicated, respectively, by the degree of convergence of 

 these processes, in none of which, where entire, have they met so as to circumscribe the 

 canal : in some of these vertebrae, however, they are mutilated. They differ chiefly in 

 the position and shape of the anapophyses (fig. 10, a), whicli advance from above the 



