176 ME. ST, G. MIVAET ON THE SKELETON OF THE PEIMATES. 



and perhaps on the whole', resembling Man's more than does that of any other 

 animal. 



If the bone is placed with the glenoid surface vertical, and compared with a similarly 

 placed human scapula, the main difference will be seen to arise from the fact that, in 

 the Orang, the inferior- vertebral angle is so much less produced downwards, while at 

 the same time it extends more backwards, the angle formed by the axillary margin 

 with the glenoid surface being only from 110° to 120°, instead of being from 135° to 

 140°, as in Man ; while the prevailing direction of the vertebral margin, instead of being, 

 as in him, nearly parallel with the glenoid surface, forms with it a marked angle open 

 do^v^lwards. In both these respects Simia agrees more or less closely with Troglodytes ; 

 but in the direction of the spine of the scapula, the former genus differs from Man in a 

 way opposite to that in which Troglodytes differs from him ; for the angle (open upwards) 

 formed by the spine with the glenoid surface, is from 65° to 70°, and therefore less than 

 in Man, in whom it is about 82°; while in Troglodytes it is from 86° to 100°. Thus 

 there is less obliquity in the position of the spine on the blade^ than in Troglodytes, 

 and the proportion borne by the supraspinous fossa to the infraspinous one"* is much 

 less, the latter sometimes'* predominating more than even in Man. 



The spine commences at the lower end of the uppermost fifth of the vertebral margin 

 of the scapula, by a marked flat triangular space, which is sometimes larger both abso- 

 lutely and relatively than the same part in Man, thus differing notably from Troglodytes, 

 where the triangular surface is very indistinctly marked or absent (PI. XXXV. fig. 1 s). 



The spine, apart from the acromion, forms a more elongated triangular plate of bone 

 than in Troglodytes, and slightly more so than in Man. Its upper surface is in general 

 markedly concavo-convex", and its under surface concave, to a degree never existing in 

 Troglodytes, and which would not be found in Man but for the flattened and over- 

 lianging free border of the spine. This projecting border is, in Simia, very rough, the 

 roughness continuing backwards almost to the triangular space before mentioned, and 

 thus differing from the same part in Troglodytes (where the roughness is both less in 

 degree and less extended) and more resembling that of Man. Simla, however, differs 

 from Homo in that this rough free margin is much narrower, and that its lower margin 

 much less overhangs the infraspinous fossa^ 



' Professor Huxley says of the Orang, " the scapula, on the whole, bears a greater resemblance to that of Man 

 than it does in either the Chimpanzee or Gorilla " (Medical Times, 1864, vol. i. p. 565). W. VroUk also says 

 it is " broader and more analogous to the scapula of Man " than in the Chimpanzee (Todd's Cyclopaedia, 

 vd. iv. p. 203). 



- In describing the skeleton of such an animal as the Orang apart from quadrupedal forms, I think it better 

 to describe it as if in the erect attitude, and to speak of that as " inferior " which in ordinary mammals would 

 bo " posterior." ' Duvemoy, Archives du Museum, 1855, t. viii. p. 24. * Duvernoy, he. cit. 



' This is especially the case in the variety described as Pithesiis morio by Prof. Owen, No. 1179 b in the 

 Osteological CoUeetion of the British Museum. ' Not so in the type of the variety Morio. 



' Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i. p. 364. 



