194 ME. ST. G. Ml V ART ON THE SKELETON OF THE PRIMATES. 



the fii'st phalanx of the third digit to the length of the entire manus is greater than in 

 Man or the Troglodytes. 



The pollex, with its metacarpal, as compared with the spine, is longer in the Orang 

 than in Man or Troglodytes ; compared with the length of the manus it is, as in the last- 

 named genus, much shorter than in Man. The proximal phalanx of the pollex is more 

 slender than in Troglodytes or Homo, notably so as compared with that of the Gorilla. 



The index, with its metacarpal, as compared with the spine, is longer than in the 

 higher forms, as also in the third digit. Without their metacarpals these digits, when 

 compared with the length of the manus, are scarcely longer proportionally than in the 

 Chimpanzee, and but little more so than in Man or the Gorilla. 



The difference between the length of the index and that of the pollex is greater 

 than in the higher genera'. 



The fifth digit is the shortest, not counting the pollex ; the second may or may not be 

 somewhat longer than the fourth ; and the third is the longest (PI. XLII. fig. 1). 



The order of projection is similar to that of length. 



As in Troglodytes, the proportion, in the Orang, borne by the longest digit (without 

 its metacarpal) to the longest metacarpal is less than in man, though it is somewhat 

 greater than in the Gorilla. 



The pollex does not reach to the distal end of the metacarpal of the index, but falls 

 short by about one-eighth of the length of that metacarpal ; it is therefore decidedly 

 shorter, thus compared, than in the Chimpanzee, and still more so than in the Gorilla : 

 and thus in this respect the Orang differs very widely from Man^. 



Os innominatum. (Plate XXXIX.) 



This complex bone consists, as in the higher forms, of the ilium, ischium, and pubis 

 anchylosed together. The ilium is wide, but less so in proportion to its height than in 

 the Gorilla, and very much less so than in Man, being in fact much as in the 

 Chimpanzee, though perhaps on the whole somewhat broader'. 



The external surface (PI. XXXIX. fig. 1) is convex anteriorly, concave posteriorly; 

 but generally the concavity is very much more marked and extensive than is the 

 convexity, in which the Orang agrees with Troglodytes — as also in the depth of the 

 conca\'ity, which is much greater than in Man. The curved lines found on the human 

 ilium are not to be distinguished in Simia any more than in Troglodytes ; and the bone 

 is somewhat less developed posteriorly than in that genus. 



' Lucae, he. cit. p. 308. 



' As often before remarked or represented, Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. toI. i. p. 365 ; De Blainville, • Osteo- 

 graphie,' Primates, Pitheeus, p. 30 ; Huxley, ' Medical Times,' 1864, vol. i. p. 565 ; and Huxley & Hawkins, 

 'Atlas of Comparative Osteology,' plate x. fig. 3. Also Duvemoy, ' Archives du Mus.' vol. viii. p. 27 ; and 

 Lucae, loc. cit. p. 305. 



^ As mentioned by Professor Owen, Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i. p. 363, and by Professor Huxley, ' Medical Times," 

 1864, vol. i. p. 565. 



