THEEE EXTIXCT SPECIES OF ELEPHAJs'T. 233 



E. africanus (young) 1 to 4-00 



E. indicus [iemdiXe) 1 „ 4-53 



^. fW7H'«s (Sumatra) 1 „ 5-42 



E. prhnigenius 1 „ 4'50 



From this we may probably consider that the usual length of the entire humerus in a 

 fully grown mature Elephant is rather more than four times (4-3) the antero-posterior 

 diameter of the head. In the young animal, in which the head has probably not attained 

 its full size, the length would seem to be greater in proportion. From these data as 

 compared with those afforded in Cuvier s table, it may be concluded that in all pro- 

 bability the Maltese Elephant to which the above-mentioned fragment belonged was 

 about 8 feet high. 



3. A third well-characterized bone, belonging apparently to an animal of the same pro- 

 portions, is the nearly entire spinous process of the 17th or 18th dorsal vertebra (fig. 2). 

 The frao-ment is 5'''6 long ; and the neural spine itself measures along the anterior border 

 5"-2, and along the posterior 4"-7. Its smallest antero-posterior diameter is l"-3, and at 

 the base 2"-3. Its least tr. d. is 0"-5 ; and the ap. d. of the expanded outer end l"-65. It 

 is grooved behind for about half its length, whilst the anterior edge is acute nearly 

 throughout. The right articular facet is present and entire ; it measures l"-2 * in length. 

 by 0"-9 in breadth, and it is of an oblong form. The corresponding spinous process in 

 the African Elephant (No. 708 h, B.M.) with which comparison has before been made, 

 measures 5"'5 along the anterior, and 8"-8 along the posterior border, its least ap. d. being 

 l"-2, and at the base 3"-7, the least tr. d. l"-0, and ap. d. 3"-8, at distal end l"-5. 



Of the teeth of this species, I have been able to detect only innumerable fragments 

 of the tusks, which from their size must be referred to an animal of considerable 

 bulk. The majority of these are too imperfect for description ; but amongst them is 

 a fragment, nearly five inches long, of the solid part of a tusk, 2"-8 in diameter. The 

 fragment has been split off nearly down the middle ; and the interior is thus shown to be 

 quite solid ; the portion, therefore, of the tusk to which it belonged was some distance 

 above the base, which must have been greater in circumference. It is also to be ob- 

 served that the outer surface of the fragment is strongly sulcate, showing that the outer- 

 most layer or layers have been removed ; we may conclude, therefore, that the fragment 

 does not represent the real diameter of the tusk, which may consequently be regai-ded as 

 ha-sdng been of considerable size, and quite commensurate with an animal 8 feet high 



or more. 



Among the immature bones, are two well-marked fragments which, from their size 

 appear to belong to the young of the same species as that whose remains have just 

 been described. The portions in question are — (1) a left exoccipital, and (2) a con- 

 siderable portion of the sliaft of the left femur. 



The exoccipital bone (figs. 3 and 4, PI. XLIV.) corresponds pretty nearly in size, and 

 * This facet appears much too small in the figm-e, owing probably to its having been drawn foreshortened. 



