236 ME. BUSK ON THE EEMAINS OF 



head of the humerus (side uncertain) ; (12) the upper end, minus the olecranon of the 

 right ulna; (13) a detached olecranon of the left ulna; (14) a fragment of the shaft of 

 the left ulna; (15) a portion of the right os innominatum, including part of the aceta- 

 bulum; (16) a portion of the articular head of the femur; (17) a great part of the 

 shaft of the right femur ; (18) the lower end of the left tibia. 



1. Bones of Cranium and Face. 



The ascending ramus of the mandible in the Elephant appears to afford \Qvy dis- 

 tinctive characters, at any rate between the African and Indian species ; and the ac- 

 quisition, therefore, of a considerable portion of this part of the skeleton of E. melitensis 

 is of great value. The two fragments both belong to the same side. They are of exactly 

 the same dimensions, and, so far as they can be compared, of the same age, and 

 tliat probably of a fully mature animal in which the third molar had advanced into 

 the horizontal ramus. The larger of the two fragments (PL XLVII. tig. 13) is about 

 4"'6 long, and about 2""2 in ap. d. at the lower part, or at about three inches below the 

 upper border of the dental foramen. The condyle or head appears to have been broken 

 off through the smallest part of the neck ; and this is at a level of about an inch above the 

 middle, or thereabouts, of the dental foramen. The bone is broken on the external border 

 at this part, so that the entire width or tr. d. of the neck cannot be determined; but it may 

 be estimated at about 1"'3. The ap. d. of the ramus on a level with the lowest part of the 

 dental foramen is 1"'7. The posterior or, rather, interior angle is rather acute, and it 

 descends evenly till the angularity merges in the inner surface of the bone about 1""5 

 below the dental foramen ; immediately exterior to this angular border the surface 

 presents a shallow sulcus, bounded on the outside by a second ridge, beyond which the 

 posterior and outer surface is flattened or slightly concave. The anterior, and internal 

 angle is somewhat acute, especially at the lower part. The anterior surface is too much 

 broken to demand any special description ; but it may be remarked that the peculiar 

 pock-like pitting which is exhibited on that surface within the base of the coronoid 

 process in all Elephants, but which is much more pronounced in the African than in the 

 Indian species, is very well shown in the jaw of E. melitensis. As these markings 

 represent a muscular insertion, their distinctness in the present case is an additional 

 indication, if the proof were required, that the bone was that of a mature animal. The 

 inner surface is concave, and presents at the upper part the inferior dental foramen. As 

 nearly as can be estimated, this opening is about 1" in ap. d. It is very oblique ; and 

 the inferior margin is interrupted by a deep and wide fissure. The anterior border is 

 very thick, the posterior very acute. 



Compared with the corresponding part of the mandible in the African and Indian 

 Elephants, that of E. melitensis exhibits striking peculiarities beyond its size, though 

 on the whole its resemblance may be said to lean much more towards the African than 



