238 ME. BUSK ON THE EEMAINS OF 



portionately also of much larger size, is so much bevelled oiF below as to look, as it were, 

 directly inwards instead of upwards ; and the anterior and lower borders are thin and 

 continuous. Several other distinctions might be pointed out ; but the above are sufficient 

 for the purpose of comparison with the jaw of E. melitensis. This will be found to 

 exhibit the comparatively slender neck, and the obliquely bevelled dental foramen of the 

 African, together with the absence of any posterior crochet, the presence of which is so 

 strikingly characteristic of the Indian species. But it differs from the African in the 

 presence of the sulcus on the posterior border, in the much thickened anterior margin 

 of tlie dental foramen, and in the deep emargination of its lower border. With respect 

 to comparative dimensions, it may be stated that the tr. d. of the ramus on a level 

 with the middle of the foramen, in the African Elephant, is 4"'3, and in E. melitensis 

 1"'8 ; so that the general dimensions of the bone may be taken at about half those of 

 the African species. 



2. Bones of the Trunk. 



1. The portion of the atlas (PI. XLVII. fig. 12) is unfortunately very imperfect ; and 

 what remains is much injured, presenting some appearance of its having been gnawed. 

 It consists of the right half, including the entire superior and the greater part of the 

 inferior articular surfaces. The transverse process is broken off, leaving only a deep and 

 wide sulcus to represent the foramen for the vertebral artery, but which is continued 

 into a perfect posterior condyloid foramen. The ap. d. of the fragment, which is 

 probably pretty nearly that of the entire bone, is about 3"-5. The ap. d. of the 

 superior articular fiicet is 2"-5, and its tr. d. about 1" 8. The inferior facet is not 

 sufficiently complete to admit of accurate measurement. The greatest height of 

 the bone, measured just behind the roof of the transverse process, is 2"'4 ; the 

 diameter of the posterior condyloid canal about 0"'4*. 



In a young Indian Elephant (No. 2678, C. S.) the ap. d. of the condyloid facet is 

 4", and its tr. d. 3", the former being nearly, and the latter exactly, twice the 

 corresponding measures in E. melitensis. In a rather younger specimen of the Indian 

 Elephant, termed E. sumatrensis, in the British Museum, the same measurements 

 are 3"-3 and 2"-4 respectively; and in an African Elephant of mature age, 4"'7 and3"'2. 

 In the latter instance a considerable difference is apparent in the form of the facet. In 

 E. indicus (var. sumatrensis) the surface is kidney-shaped, having a deep sums on the 

 inner border, whilst in E. africaniis that border is entire ; but I am not aware that this 

 difference exists in all cases between the Indinu and African species. 



2. The seventh cervical vertebra (PI. XLVI. fig. 9) is a beautifully perfect specimen of 

 that important and highly characteristic element of the vertebral column. Its principal 

 dimensions, contrasted with those of the same bone in an African Elephant, and in the 

 B. M. specimen of E. sumatrensis, ai'e as follows : — 



* other fragments of the atlas of this spocios are shown in PI. LI. fig. 3.5, and, as I believe, but am not sure, 

 in flg. 33. 



