THEEE EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 247 



E. africanus. E. melitensis. 



Transverse diameter of inner facet -539 -634 



Antero-posterior diameter of inner facet -400 -634 



Length of outer facet -447 -423 



Width of „ „ -276 -360 



(2) The differences between the ulna of the African and Indian species, as regards the 

 upper end are not very striking, but so far as they go they tend to show a nearer 

 approximation, in E. melitensis, to the African form. These differences are — the 

 radial sulcus is more rounded and shallower in E. africanus, and the inner articular 

 facet wider at what may be termed the neck, though in both the existing species that 

 facet is much more elongated than it is in E. melitensis. The outer facet in all three 

 is much alike, except that in E. indicus it has a small prominent tuberosity in fi-ont. In 

 both species also there is a rather deep pit or fossa in front of the inner condyle, for the 

 insertion probably of the brachialis anticus, which is scarcely indicated in E. melitensis. 



(3) Another character in which E. melitensis approaches E. africanus is in the deeper 

 concavity at the upper part of the outer surface of the shaft, which part is nearly flat 

 in E. indicus. 



As is well known, the lower articular surface of the ulna varies very materially in the 

 existing species ; but as no means exist of comparing this part in E. melitensis, it is 

 needless here to notice it further. 



4. Hinder Extremity. 



1. The principal fragment belonging to the hinder extremity of E. melitensis is a 

 considerable portion of the shaft of the right femur, represented in PL XLV. fig. 6. 



It measures 9"'2 in length ; and its least transverse diameter, which is at a distance of 

 about 2 inches below the nutrient foramen, is 1"'9 ; whilst the antero-posterior at the 

 same part is l"-5, and the circumference 5"'5 ; from which dimensions it may be com- 

 puted, according to the data given in the Table of comparative measurements, that the 

 total length of the femur was somewhere about 20 inches. The upper extremity, inclu- 

 dmg all trace of an epiphysial suture, has been broken off irregularly about two inches 

 above the nutrient foramen, which is situated on the inner side of the bone, close behind 

 the anterior and internal angle of the shaft. The lower end is also broken off in the 

 same irregular manner, just where the shaft is beginning to expand ; and there is con- 

 sequently no trace of the distal epiphysial surface. The compactness and thickness of the 

 cortical substance, together with the well-marked muscular and vascular impressions, 

 and the general aspect of the bone, all show that it is that of a mature animal, though 

 it is not possible to determine whether the epiphyses were fully united. Its compara- 

 tive dimensions, actual and computed, in relation to those of the humerus and portion 

 of pelvis &c., already described, leave no doubt that it must have belonged to an 

 animal of the same size as that indicated by those bones. 



