THREE EXTINCT SPECIES OE ELEPHANT. 249 



' in the lower part, the shaft is more rounded or convex, as may be gathered from the 

 circumstance that at the line of the lower epiphysial suture the antero-posterior diameter 

 is to the transverse, in the Indian Elephant, as about 603 to 1000 ; whilst in the African 

 it is about 6C1. Besides which the anterior outline of the section at that part is more 

 angular in the Indian femur. The difference in question is roughly shown in the ac- 

 companying figures, of which fig. 9 represents the transverse section at the lower 

 epiphysial suture of ^. africanus, and fig. 10 that of E. indicus of about the same age. 



2. On the posterior aspect the difference is considerably greater. In the African 

 femur the bone throughout is flatter, and it is also much straighter in the vertical di- 

 rection. In the Indian, commencing at about the termination of the upper third, the 

 surface is much more rounded, and the shaft is convex in the vertical direction. The 

 digital fossa is much deeper and prolonged further downwards in the African. 



3. The internal surface or aspect in the Indian Elephant is less rectangular, owing to 

 the comparatively greater rounding off of the anterior and internal angle, and the 

 greater prominence inwards of the posterior and internal, more especially in the situation 

 of the rudimentary trochanter minor, or adductor tuberosity, causing a prommence at 

 that part, in the outline of the inner border, which is wanting ui the African. The 

 whole of the inner border is more rounded in the Indian, and also, in consequence of 

 the greater projection inwards of the posterior and internal angle beyond the anterior 

 and internal, more oblique in the upper part. 



4. The chief difference observable in the outer border of the shaft arises from the 

 circumstance that the anterior and posterior surfaces, in the upper part, are less 

 parallel to each other in the Indian than in the African femur, in consequence of which 

 the outer surface is narrower in the former than in the latter, in which, owing to the 

 parallelism of those two surfaces of the bone, both borders are of about the same 

 width. 



5. Of the four angles, the anterior and internal is much more rounded off in the 

 Indian than in the African, in which species, moreover, it is marked with a far 

 deeper vascular groove. The anterior and outer angle also, m the upper part of the 

 bone, is more pronounced in the African. The greater prominence of the posterior and 

 internal angle in the Indian femur has already been noticed, to which may be added 



