254 MR. BUSK ON THE EEMAINS OF 



tlie head, which renders the inner or concave border of the rib, for the distance of about 

 3 inches below the head, acutely angular ; whilst in E. falconeri this part is rounded. 

 On the posterior aspect there is no marked difference, nor is there any on the outer or 

 dorsal aspect. 



4. Scapula. 



The only representative of this bone, apparently belonging to the smaller of the two 

 dwarf Elephants, is a small portion of the right (PL XLVII. figs. 14°, 14'). It presents the 

 entire glenoid cavity, with the neck, together with the commencement and about two inches 

 behind it of the spine ; the remaining portions of the supra- and infraspinous fossae are 

 very small. The glenoid fossa is narrow, elongated, and pyriform in shape. It measures 

 about l"-7xl", and the border slightly overhangs at the upper end. The radius of 

 the longitudinal curve is 1""1, and of the transverse 1", — curves that would seem to 

 correspond pretty closely with the computed size of the head of the humerus of E. 

 falconeri. The remaining portion of the spine (which shows no sign of an epiphysial 

 surface on its edge) rises to a height of about l"-25; and it commences about l"-5 behind 

 the margin of the glenoid fossa, at first gradually and then abruptly, the anterior edge 

 being smooth and sharp. The dorsal edge is much expanded ; and at the end of the 

 fragment, or at a distance of fully 3"-5 behind the edge of the glenoid fossa, there is no 

 indication whatever of a descending apophysis, which would therefore seem to have 

 l)een situated further back than it is even in the Indian Elephant, in which it springs at 

 ■A distance of not more than about twice the length of the glenoid fossa behind its poste- 

 rior border, whilst in E. africanus it is placed not more than one length behind the 

 glenoid fossa. In this respect therefore E. falconeri would seem to a})proach the Asiatic 

 rather than the African type, if indeed it may not have differed from both in the entire 

 absence of the descending apophysis. The subscapular surface is smooth and evenly 

 convex, in a line parallel with, but rather below, the level of the spine. The glenoid 

 fossa is narrower below than above ; and the bone at that part is narrow and wholly 

 without any of the coracoid protuberance on the dorsal aspect, which is so strongly de- 

 veloped in the scapula of E. melitensis and all other known species. The bone is 

 obviously that of a young animal, as shown by the pitted surface of the articular fossa ; 

 and to this circumstance the narrowness of the glenoid fossa below, and the slenderness 

 of the neck at the lower border may perhaps be in part assigned *. 



* The fragment of scapula above described was regarded by Dr. Falconer aa belonging to the dwarf Elephant, 

 and it would be very difficult to assign it to any other known animal. But repeated consideration of it since 

 the above was written makes me more and more uncertain on the matter. The differences between it and the 

 scapula of any known species of Elephant are so considerable as to be in appearance almost insurmountable. 

 Amongst the most marked of these are : — 1, the absence of any descending apophysis within the usual 

 distance from the glenoid fossa, as above noticed ; 2, the form of the glenoid fossa itself, though this 

 varies perhaps a good deal in the Elephant ; 3, the entire absence of the least trace of a coracoid tube- 



