TKRBB EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 259 



adjoined, of which 17 represents the inferior contour of the trochlea as viewed in front, 

 and 18 as seen from below, so as to exhibit the posterior intercondyloid fossa. As in the 



great disparity of the condyles, so also in the concavity of the surface above the olecranon- 

 fossa and, apparently, in the accompanying elevation of the internal condyloid ridge, 

 does the humerus oi E. falconeri resemble that of E. africanus ; but in it the concavity 

 in question is even still greater. On the other hand, again, in the strongly marked 

 angularity of the upper half of the shaft behind, the bone exactly resembles that of E. 

 indicus. Scarcely enough of the bicipital groove remains to enable us to determine 

 whether it was wide and shallow as in the African, or deep and narrow as in the Indian ; 

 but, so far as can be jjidged from the way in which the outer border of the groove arches 

 over it, it may be concluded, perhaps, that in that respect it resembled the Indian humerus 

 rather than the African, in which neither border ever arches over the groove. And 

 in the same particular does the bicipital groove in E. falconeri differ from that in 

 E. meUtensis, in which, as before said, the groove in its shallowness and width fully 

 equals, if it does not exceed, that of the African humerus. In other respects also, so 

 far as can be judged from the small portion we possess of the humerus of E. meU- 

 tensis, it appears to present several other important points of difference : — The lateral 

 compression of the upper epiphysial surface is much more marked in E. melitensis, 

 the extreme tr. d. of the surface in the specimen standing in the ratio of not 

 more than 63 to 100, whilst in E. falconeri it is 76 to 100 ; whence we may conclude 

 that the upper epiphysis, including the head and tuberosity, was proportionally broader 

 in the latter. It is to be observed, also, that the small remaining portion of the outer 

 surface of the shaft below the epiphysial junction in E. melitensis shows no indication 

 of the existence on that side of the shaft of the veiy peculiar deep and elongated fossa 

 which is so striking a feature in the hwvuexMS oi E falco7ieri. 



From all that has been stated, it appears to me that, besides its diminutive size, the 

 remarkable humerus assigned to E. falconeri exhibits abundant evidence of specific 

 distinction from either of the living species of Elephant, as well as from E. melitensis 

 and E. j^rimigenius. 



The second portion of the humerus (represented in fig. 27, PI. XLIX.) fortunately 

 replaces what was wanting of the lower extremity of the specimen just described. It 

 presents the entire condyloid articulation ; and it is from it that the measurements and 

 figures just cited, relating to this part, have been taken. It is of slightly larger propor- 



VOL. VI. P.\BT V. 2 o 



