THEEE EXTINCT SPECIES OP ELEPHANT. 263 



parative flatness or rather convexity of the suiface below the radial fossa, and in the 

 consequent want of elevation of the outer and inner angles which constitute the borders of 

 a deep concavity in E. africanus. From the same species it also differs in the rotundity 

 of the inner angle, in which it in the same degree resembles the Indian. It also difiisrs 

 from the African m the absence of any flattening on the inner face of the inner head, 

 and from both the Indian and the African in the want of any pit or depression in front 

 of the inner head (for the insertion, as I suppose, oi the brachialis a7iticus). But in the 

 apparent arching inwards of the olecranon it presents a decidedly African character. 



As regards the dimensions of the bone when entire, if we take the comparative length 

 of the humerus and ulna in the Indian Elephant, as exemplified in the skeleton of 

 Chuny in the Royal College of Surgeons, the length of the ulna in E. falconen would 

 be about 10"*3 ; according to the skeleton of the Ceylon Elephant in the British Museum, 

 9""9 ; according to Cu\ier's measurements of the Indian Elephant, 9""8 ; and according 

 to the African Elephant in the British Museum, 9"'2. We may conclude therefore 

 that the probable length was about 10 inches. Assuming this as the length, it would 

 seem that the transverse width of the upper articular head, allowing the utmost for loss 

 by abrasion <&c. is at least 0"-5 less than it ought to be, had it stood in anything like the 

 same proportion to the length of the bone that that dimension does in the four instances 

 cited, in which the diameter in question would seem to equal about one quarter of the 

 entire length of the bone. 



9. Bones of the Fore Foot. 



The only other bone belonging to the anterior extremity that admits of satisfactory 

 identification is the proximal phalanx of the third digit of the left side (PI. LI. fig. 

 41), The bone, which appears to be that of a mature animal, as the epiphysis is per- 

 fectly united, without any trace of the junction, is quite entire, and presents no trace 

 of weathering or wear. It is exactly 1" long, and the same in tr. d. at the upper end, 

 which is 0"-9 in ap. d., whilst the lower end has a tr. d. of 0"-9, and an ap. d, of 0"-55. 

 In form and proportions it differs in no respect fi'om the corresponding bone in E. indi- 

 ciis (Chuny), which has a length of 3"'0. Assuming the proportionate lengths of the 

 bones to be similar to those in E. indicus, as shown in the specimen above named, 

 this proximal phalanx would give for the humerus of E. falconeri a length of between 

 11" and 12", or about the same as that which Ihave deduced from the other data which 

 have been already discussed. 



10. FeMs. 



The pelvis oiE. falconeri is represented by a considerable portion of the left os innomi- 

 natum, which is shown in PI. L. fig. 31. The fragment includes the entire acetabulum, 

 with a small portion of the body of the ischium, and a still smaller portion of the body of 

 the pubis, — very important parts of the bone, inasmuch as they form the boundaries of the 

 upper or anterior part of the foramen ovale, the value of which as affording a distinctive 



