THREE EXTINCT SPECIES OF ELEPHANT. 293 



successional tooth advancing behind it. The outline is bowed veiy considerably side- 

 ways, being convex upon the inner side, and concave on the outer, to a gi-eater degi'ee 

 even than is indicated by the figures. The residuary worn surface of the crown 

 exhibits seven abraded lidges, of which the four anterior disks show rather wide and 

 open depressions, with a defined angular expansion in the middle. The plates of 

 enamel are rather thick and uniformly straight, presenting not the slightest degi'ee of 

 crimping or plicature, with the exception of the sharply angular, little, mesial expansion. 

 The three next hinder ridges are but slightly abraded. The anterior disks are veiy 

 oblique in their direction, which rims from the inside outwards and backwards. The 

 unworn hind portion is so completely enveloped by cement, and the plates so nearly 

 horizontal, that it is hardly possible to reckon exactly the number of ridges composing 

 this part of the cro^vn. But approximately the fragment is estimated to have in all 

 nine ridges, with a small posterior talon. There are no means of determining exactly 

 how many ridges have disappeared in front, as all remains of the gi-eat front fang are 

 wanting. The width of the crown gradually diminishes back to the talon, as normally 

 occurs with the last true molar of the Elephants. The dimensions are : — 



in. 



Extreme length of fragment 4-2 



Width of crown at second ridge 1'3 



"Width of crown at seventh ridge 1-2 



Width of crown behuid 0-85 



Space occupied by second, third, and fourth disks 1 ■ 1 



Length of residuary grindiug-surface, mcluding seven ridges 2'3 



Extreme height of crown near middle, where unworn 2-1 



The fangs are broken off along the base near the roots ; the contour of this part of the 

 tooth when reversed is very much and nearly uniformly curved, like a bow on the 

 stretch. 



"The specimen next to be noticed confirms the inference drawn from fig. 12. It 

 consists of the posterior half of a lower molar, right side, including six ridges and the 

 greater part of the posterior talon. It is represented by fig. 13. Like fig. 12, what 

 remains of the fragment is concave on the outside, and convex inwards in the longi- 

 tudinal direction. The three anterior ridges are worn ; but the grmding-surface is ^■ery 

 distorted, descending nearly vertically in a spoon-shaped concavity from the outside 

 inwards and downwards: this peculiarity had evidently been caused by the crown 

 having been opposed to an abnormally developed or diseased upper molar. The dis- 

 tortion is attempted to be shown by the contrasted shades of fig. 13, the dark tint 

 showing the higher side. But the amount is best expressed by measurements, — 



in. 



The height of the crown at the outer side of the distorted portion being 2-9 



And of the inner 195 



2s2 



