294 ME. BUSK ON THE EEMAINS OF 



making a difference of nearly an inch. A series of discoloured bands upon the surface 

 of the cement of the outer side near the top, disposed concentrically, have been caused 

 by this distorted wear. The three hindmost ridges are intact, and, instead of being 

 vertical, they are in a certain measure retrofracted, the convexity being directed 

 forwards — a character which is commonly presented by the hindmost of the true molars 

 in the Elephants. The posterior talon appears to have consisted of a single flattened 

 digitation, the back plate of which has been removed by a fracture. This circumstance 

 has deprived us of any direct evidence as to the presence or absence of a disk of 

 pressure behind ; but the characters presented by the specimen, regarded in the aggre- 

 gate, are consistent only with determining it to have been a penultimate or last true 

 molar, probably the latter. The dimensions are : — 



in. 



Extreme length of fragment 3'3 



Width at anterior plate 1*35 



Width behind 1-2 



Extreme height of crown 2-9 



These dimensions are comparatively larger than those yielded by fig. 12; but the 

 difference is not greater than may • be ■ fairly attributed to distinct individuals, or 

 difference of sex. The distortion in the grinding-plane, noticed above, is rarely, if 

 ever, seen in molars of the milk or adolescent stage, but is occasionally met with, 

 variously modified, in teeth belonging to the period of old age. 



" A still more perfect specimen is represented, top and side aspects, by figs. 11 and 11 at, 

 which is inferred to be another example of a last lower molar of the left side, in a 

 different stage of wear fi-om the preceding two. What remains of tlie cro-wn consists of 

 ten ridges and a posterior talon. All of these are more or less affected by wear. The 

 seven anterior ridges had been ground down uito transverse disks, of which the two 

 first are confluent into a uniform surface, from which all trace of enamel has dis- 

 appeared ; and they are confluent also by a narrow isthmus with the third disk. The 

 disks correspond in form exactly with those of the teeth already described, being broad 

 in the antero-posterior direction, with a slight tendency to sharply angular expansion in 

 the middle, which is more or less developed upon the fourth, fifth, and sixth ridges. 

 The enamel edges in contact with the ivory depressions of the disks are straight, and 

 entirely free from any tendency to plication or crimping, this being clearly a distinctive 

 character of the species. The ridges, besides their considerable breadth, are separated 

 by rather wide intervals of cement: this is well shown on the side aspect of fig. 11 a. 

 The posterior talon forms a prominent splent, consisting of about a couple of digita- 

 tions. All the fongs have been removed by fracture close to the base. Tlie crown 

 surface m front has been ground down to the level of the fangs ; and there is no trace 

 remaining of the large anterior fang, or of the portion of the crown supported by it, 

 which must have bome at least two additional ridges, which would give a total of 



