22 MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 



connexion between it and fig. 4. Here we have ten ridges in 3-3 inches ; for although 

 the fore part of the crown is somewhat distorted in consequence of an ancient fracture, 

 the measurement is not invalidated in any material way. 



As in the upper tooth, the same thickness of enamel and the very much digitated 

 posterior talon (figs. 5« & 4 J) are present, just as, I repeat, obtains in the largest penul- 

 timate lower milk-molars. 



Precisely the same characters are continued in the lower molar No. 63, the crown 

 of which is not so far invaded as that of fig. 5 ; and although the anterior talon has been 

 recently removed, there are nine ridges in a space of 3-2 inches. It will therefore be 

 seen at a glance that the members of this series differ in size and characters from 

 any of the foregoing. 



E Series. — The largest of the class of molars holding ten to eleven ridges is beauti- 

 fully represented in the perfect crown No. 89 (PI. III. figs. 3 & 3a), which is an upper 

 molar commencing wear. It holds ten ridges in a space of 4'3 inches. The pressure- 

 scar on the enamel of the anterior talon is 0-6 by 1-2 inch in breadth. 



Another suggestive specimen of an upper molar of the same type, but belonging to a 

 larger individual, is presented by the tooth No. 71 (PI. VIII. fig. 5 '). It shows a more 

 worn crown, and is embedded in a portion of the jaw, to which reference will be made 

 in the sequel. The latter is omitted in the figure. The tooth holds ten ridges in a 

 space of 5 '2 inches. Probably the first ridge is worn out, seeing that the large anterior 

 fang which ordinarily gives support to three has only two ridges on it, and the first 

 disk is ground down to the enamel reflections, with a pressure-scar in front. 



The lower molar No. 72 was found in a ramus close to the jaw which contained the 

 above. It is entire, and contains twelve ridges, including a diminutive posterior talon, 

 in a space of 5'5 inches. The crown, as usual in lower molars of this series, is much 

 arcuated, almost like a bow, and similar to No. 37 (PI. IV. fig. 4), which shows a well- 

 worn crown entire. It holds eleven ridges in about 5 inches. A third lower molar 

 (No. 51) is represented on PI. IV. fig. 5. The contrast between it and the preceding is 

 merely one of size, there being eleven ridges in 4-2 instead of 4-8 inches ; consequently 

 it is of the dimensions of the upper molar, PI. III. fig. 3, just as PI. IV. fig. 4 consorts 

 with PI. VIII. fig. 5, both of which are a little larger. 



The characters of all the members of this and D Series are remarkably alike. As 

 compared with the other teeth they have thick plates, with thick enamel, and the 

 ridges are weU apart, with abundance of cement between them. 



The lower molars of this series are all much arcuated, as usually observed in true 

 molars, whilst there is little or no bending in D Series. This, however, is not always 

 to be depended on. Again, the crown patterns show a repetition of the same characters 

 in D and E Seiies. 



' The tusk found in the skull -which contained this molar has been referred to at page 9. 



