18 - MR. A. L. ADAMS ON THE OSTEOLOGY OF 



the breadth of the scar on the anterior talon, which, in virtue of its dimensions, could 

 not have been caused by any of the antepenultimate milk-molars just described. 



The disks of the specimens not being sufficiently worn to display the pattern, little 

 can be recorded on this point further than that the only full-developed disk of fig. 11 

 shows faint crimping. The dentine and cement are in about equal proportions ; and 

 the enamel is not thick. 



I am disposed to associate with the members of this series the fragment of an upper 

 jaw. No. 46 (PI. I. fig. 18), containing the two permanent tusks and a morsel of an 

 upper molar, already referred to. The tooth, although on the point of being shed, 

 shows a large flat posterior fang, with two middle round fangs in front («, «), which 

 alone would incline me to the belief that this is a fragment of a last milk- instead of a 

 penultimate milk-molar. The specimen, therefore, might have represented the last of 

 the milk-series disappearing, with the first true molar almost in full wear, and the tusks 

 protruding for some distance beyond their alveoli ; it is just possible, however, that the 

 fragment may be that of the penultimate tooth, where, however, the intermediate roots 

 between the large anterior and posterior fangs are far more diminutive, especially in 

 upper molars. The development of the tusks would seem also opposed to this view. 



There is no lower molar in my collection allied, as regards size and other characters, 

 to No. 45 (fig. 11) and its series; but the long narrow tooth considered by Falconer to 

 belong to the last of the milk-series of Elephas melitensis \ might have belonged to the 

 same type as No. 45. It holds ten ridges in 2-3 inch^. The disks, as regards pattern, 

 are precisely like those of PI. I. fig. 8, to which, as regards size and ridge-formula, it 

 might fairly claim to be the successional molar. 



B Series.— The two upper molars, Nos. 18 & 19 (PI. I. figs. 10 & 17), are decidedly 

 larger than the last, but not beyond the limits of variability observed in known species 

 of elephants. The more perfect of the two (fig. 10) has lost its last ridge and fangs, 

 with a considerable portion of the inferior aspect of the crown. 



The following profile view (fig. 2) shows its length, 2-6 inches, in which there are nine 

 ridges. Fig. 17 has lost recently three of its central ridges, but was entire when dis- 

 covered, and held ten ridges in a space of 3 inches. There are large well-defined pres- 

 sure-scars on the anterior talons of both molars, more especially on the latter, where 

 the impression is 0-5 by 0-6 inch. 1 would correlate with the above Nos. 17 & 12 of 

 the Collection. The latter represents four well-wom disks, showing central expansions, 



' Trans. Zool. Soo. vol. vi. pi. 53. fig. 5, and p. 589. This remarkable tootli, Dr. Faloner remarks, " is 

 unique as regards the complexity of its crown conjoined with such smaU dimensions," seeing that it contains 

 ten ridges in the same space occupied by the eight ridges we have seen in the largest penultimate milk-molars 

 just referred to. Certainly the posterior talon in the above is a mere figment, but neither more nor less than 

 frequently obtains in all molars. Altogether the crown of fig. 5 is so long and so narrow that I have been 

 sometimes disposed to consider it an instance of two extra ridges in a lower penultimate milk-molar. It is, 

 however, equalled nearly by No. 44 (PI. IV. fig. 3), which, however, is a larger tooth. 



