THE MALTESE FOSSIL ELEPHANTS. 69 



It is noticeable, however, that in PI. XVIII. fig. 4, there is a protuberance at the apex 

 of the bone internally, which is not nearly so prominent in the preceding lunaria. The 

 determined hollowing of the upper surface of this specimen resembles that seen in 

 full-grown individuals of the Asiatic — to wit, the Sumatran. The dimensions of fig. 4 

 are — maximum length 3 inches, breadth 2-5, thickness 1-4, radial facet 2-2, ulnar facet 

 1-3 by 0-6, cuneiform facet 0-9 by 0-3, lower magnal 2-3 by 2-1. The ulnar facet is 

 oblique. 



4. The diminutive lunare PI. XXI. fig. 1 will be described with the other members 

 of the same foot ; sufiice it at present to say that in the particulars just stated it is of 

 precisely the same type as PI. XVIII. fig. 4. 



Cuneiform. — Of this important element of the carpus my collection afi'ords no less 

 than seven specimens, which differ considerably in size, and for the most part in 

 characters. 



A Series. — 1. The largest is represented in PI. XVIII. fig. 2. It is a right cunei- 

 form from Gandia Fissiu'e, so prolific of the remains of the largest form of Elephant. 

 The extremity is wanting, including nearly all the pisiform and external portions of the 

 ulnar and unciform surfaces ; the body, however, is preserved, and gives the foUowmg 

 admeasurements — extreme breadth 3'1 inches, thickness 2 inches, ulnar facet (antero- 

 posterior) 2-3 inches, upper lunare 1-5 inch, lower lunare 1-6 by 0-5 inch, antero-pos- 

 terior of unciform 2-7 inches. This cuneiform, although of the opposite side, and from 

 a different situation, might, as regards dimensions, have belonged to the owner of the 

 lunare PI. XVIII. fig. 1. 



2. The left cuneiform shown in PI. XVIII. fig. 5, although considerably smaller 

 than the above, is, as far as I can make out, identical in character, and may therefore 

 be supposed to belong to a much smaller individual of the same form. It has lost 

 about the same parts as in fig. 2 ; but the following measurements are prociu-able : 

 the extreme breadth is 2-4 inches, thickness 1-4 inch, ulnar facet (antero-posterior) 1-8 

 inch, upper lunare 1-1 inch, lower lunare 1-4 by 0-3 inch, unciform facet (antero-pos- 

 terior diameter) 2"1 inches. 



3. Another, but still more mutilated, fragment of a left cuneiform from Gandia 

 Fissure, of the exact dimensions of the last, completes the list of specimens attributable 

 to the same type. In comparison with the same bone in recent species, figs. 2 & 5 are 

 relatively much thicker, more especially at the external margin of the pisiform facet, 

 where the maximum grossness usually obtaius ; and seemingly the latter is greater in 

 the Asiatic than in the African. The above have narrow upper and lower articular sur- 

 faces, with large concavities and convexities, as obtains also in the Asiatic and not, to 

 all appearance, in the African. The lunare facets, like all the small lateral attachments 

 of the foot-bones, are subject to considerable irregularities, sometimes occupying the 

 entire margin, in others a portion only. The latter is the case in these fossils ; but in 

 the African (708 h, P.M..) and the cuneiform of an old Asiatic Elephant (no. 2543) in 



